Table 1

Characteristics of the workers exposed to Cd and controls at the time of the study

		Exposed to Cd (n=42)			Controls (n=47)
		Mean (SD)	Range		Mean (SD)	Range
Age	46.9 (16.4)	23−81		46.7 (14.2)	24−77
Exposure to Cd (y)	12.6 (10.0)	0.5−36
Cadmium in urine (μg Cd/g creatinine):
Highest value ever (CdU_max)	12.6 (10.2)	0.4−38.4
Current value (CdU_current)	4.6 (4.1)	0.1−16.6		0.7 (0.5)	0.1−2.0
Lead in blood (μg Pb/dl)	9.7 (4.2)	3.6−19.2		8.7 (4.2)	1.7−20.4
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	1.13 (0.40)	0.76−2.95		1.12 (0.14)	0.90−1.53
Sleeping (h)	7.1 (0.9)	4.5−9.0		7.0 (1.0)	5.0−9.5
Education (y)	10.1 (2.5)	6−15		12.1 (3.4)	6−22
Personality score^1-150	1.9 (0.7)	1−4		1.8 (0.5)	1−3.4
Current smokers (n (%))	10	23.8		13	27.7
Cigarettes/day	14.2 (7.2)	5−25		14.0 (8.3)	3−25
Acohol consumers (n (%))	33	78.6		39	83
Alcohol (g/day)	0.9 (0.7)	0.1−3.1		0.9 (0.8)	0.1−3.2
Eposure to neurotoxicants other than Cd (n (%))^1-151	15	35.7		12	25.5
Hypnotic medication (n (%))	13	31.0		8	17.0

↵1-150 Questions of the neurotoxicity symptom checklist-60 (NSC-60).
↵1-151 Alcohol misuse (> 90 g/day for > 2 y): eight exposed and six control subjects. Organic solvents or other neurotoxicants (> 2 y occupational exposure): eight exposed and six control subjects.