Results of hazards survey1-150 and categories for assessment of exposure to nitrosamines1-151
| Work area | Nitrosamine1-152 |
Concentration in air (μg/m3)1-150 | Exposure category1-151 | |
| Salt bath curing (except for salt bath curing with only peroxide accelerators) | NDMA | 1–130 | High | |
| NMOR | 0.1–13 | |||
| Vulcanisation and subsequent production stages with use of NDPhA1-152: | ||||
| Tube vulcanisation | NDMA | 15–140 | ||
| Injection moulding | NDMA | 40–90 | ||
| NMOR | 120–380 | |||
| Tube and tyre warehouse | NDMA | 4–20 | ||
| Same production stages (as above) without use of NDPhA1-152: | Medium | |||
| Tube vulcanisation | NDMA | 1–4.5 | ||
| Tube and tyre warehouse | NDMA | 1–4.5 | ||
| Other hot processes starting with vulcanisation: | ||||
| Tyre vulcanisation | NDMA | 0.1–2 | ||
| NMOR | 0.1–17 | |||
| Injection moulding: soles of shoe | NDMA | 0.2–3.5 | ||
| Work areas before vulcanisation: | Low | |||
| Raw material handling, weighing, and mixing | NDMA | 0.1–0.9 | ||
| NMOR | 0.1–2 | |||
| Milling, extruding, calendering | NDMA | 0.1–2 | ||
| NMOR | 0.1–9 | |||
| Assembly and building | NDMA | 0.1–1 | ||
| NMOR | 0.5–3 | |||
↵1-150 Adapted from tables I–V. 16
↵1-151 According to workshop with B Spiegelhalder, H Kromhout, R Vermeulen, K Norpoth, members of the Berufsgenossenschaft and industrial hygienists and occupational physicians of the rubber factories involved.
↵1-152 NDPhA=N-nitrosodiphenylamine; NDMA=N-nitrosodimethylamine; NMOR=N-nitrosomorpholine.