RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF Occupational and Environmental Medicine
JO Occup Environ Med
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP 927
OP 937
DO 10.1136/oemed-2019-105849
VO 76
IS 12
A1 Liu, Jianxin
A1 Gan, Yong
A1 Jiang, Heng
A1 Li, Liqing
A1 Dwyer, Robyn
A1 Lu, Kai
A1 Yan, Shijiao
A1 Sampson, Opoku
A1 Xu, Hongbin
A1 Wang, Chao
A1 Zhu, Yi
A1 Chang, Yuanyuan
A1 Yang, Yudi
A1 Yang, Tingting
A1 Chen, Yawen
A1 Song, Fujian
A1 Lu, Zuxun
YR 2019
UL http://oem.bmj.com/content/76/12/927.abstract
AB We aim to quantitatively synthesise available epidemiological evidence on the prevalence rates of workplace violence (WPV) by patients and visitors against healthcare workers. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to October 2018, as well as the reference lists of all included studies. Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion. Data were double-extracted and discrepancies were resolved by discussion. The overall percentage of healthcare worker encounters resulting in the experience of WPV was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. We included 253 eligible studies (with a total of 331 544 participants). Of these participants, 61.9% (95% CI 56.1% to 67.6%) reported exposure to any form of WPV, 42.5% (95% CI 38.9% to 46.0%) reported exposure to non-physical violence, and 24.4% (95% CI 22.4% to 26.4%) reported experiencing physical violence in the past year. Verbal abuse (57.6%; 95% CI 51.8% to 63.4%) was the most common form of non-physical violence, followed by threats (33.2%; 95% CI 27.5% to 38.9%) and sexual harassment (12.4%; 95% CI 10.6% to 14.2%). The proportion of WPV exposure differed greatly across countries, study location, practice settings, work schedules and occupation. In this systematic review, the prevalence of WPV against healthcare workers is high, especially in Asian and North American countries, psychiatric and emergency department settings, and among nurses and physicians. There is a need for governments, policymakers and health institutions to take actions to address WPV towards healthcare professionals globally.