TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of trichloroethylene below current regulatory standards JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine JO - Occup Environ Med SP - 376 LP - 381 DO - 10.1136/oemed-2018-105583 VL - 76 IS - 6 AU - Kyoung-Mu Lee AU - Luoping Zhang AU - Roel Vermeulen AU - Wei Hu AU - Bryan A Bassig AU - Jason JJ Wong AU - Chuangyi Qiu AU - Mark Purdue AU - Cuiju Wen AU - Douglas I Walker AU - Dean P Jones AU - Laiyu Li AU - Yongshun Huang AU - Nathaniel Rothman AU - Martyn T Smith AU - Qing Lan Y1 - 2019/06/01 UR - http://oem.bmj.com/content/76/6/376.abstract N2 - Objectives The occupational exposure limit for trichloroethylene (TCE) in different countries varies from 1 to 100 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Many countries currently use 10 ppm as the regulatory standard for occupational exposures, but the biological effects in humans at this level of exposure remain unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of TCE below current regulatory standards.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study of 80 healthy workers exposed to a wide range of TCE (ie, 0.4–229 ppm) and 96 comparable unexposed controls in China, and previously reported that TCE exposure was associated with multiple candidate biological markers related to immune function and kidney toxicity. Here, we conducted further analyses of all of the 31 biomarkers that we have measured to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of changes in the subgroup of workers (n=35) exposed to <10 ppm TCE compared with controls.Results Six immune biomarkers (ie, CD4+ effector memory T cells, sCD27, sCD30, interleukin-10, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased (% difference ranged from −16.0% to −72.1%) and one kidney toxicity marker (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1) was significantly increased (% difference: +52.5%) among workers exposed to <10 ppm compared with the control group. These associations remained noteworthy after taking into account multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (ie, <0.20).Conclusion Our results suggest that occupational exposure to TCE below 10 ppm as an 8-hour TWA may alter levels of key markers of immune function and kidney toxicity. ER -