Introduction Envenomation by poisonous animals is an important public health issue in the world. The relationship between this health issue and occupation is little investigated in Brazil, and is a dimension of the accident that require more attention.

Objectives Estimate the incidence rate of poisonous animal’s accidents for each occupational group and region of Brazil, between 2007–2019.

Methods Snakebite, spider and scorpion stings cases reported by Brazilian regions (2007–2019), aged 18–65 years, were collected from the Notification of Injury Information System (Sinan). The occupation identification of workers followed Brazilian Classification of Occupations (CBO). Worker population data were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Analyzes were conducted by Stata 16.

Results In this period, 1,523,271 accidents by poisonous animals were reported, which 49.2% were caused by scorpions, 18.4% by snakes, 17.6% by spiders and 14.8% by other etiological agents. In Brazil, the cumulative incidence for snakebite was 9.1/100,000 workers and higher in the North (36.1/100,000 workers). For spider stings, the national incidence was 7.9/100,000 workers, with emphasis on the South (32.9/100,000 workers). The scorpion stings incidence was 16.1/100,000 workers in Brazil, and it was higher in the Northeast (24.6/100,000 workers). Occupation was reported in 480,614 (31.6%) cases and agriculture workers were the most affected group (51.8%). They presented the highest incidence rates among Brazil regions for all three envenomations (snakebite=57.9/100,000 workers; spider stings=29.2/100,000 workers; scorpion stings=52.3/100,000 workers).

Conclusion Rural work is considered a risk factor for envenomation by poisonous animals. The rural area is the major natural habitat for many snake species. In addition, food storage sites are attractive to prey for snakes, spiders and scorpions, such as mice and cockroaches. Knowledge about those risks can lead to a collective and individual accident prevention policy, with adequate personal protective equipment and work environment.