Introduction Ultraviolet(UV) radiation in the form of sunlight is Australia’s most prevalent occupational carcinogen. It is estimated that 37% of the male working population and 8% of the female working population are significantly exposed to solar radiation at work.

Methods A review was performed of the current research literature, together with published national policies and best practice guidelines.

Results UV radiation exposure is the major cause of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Australia has the highest incidence of melanoma in the world and skin cancer accounts for over 80% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed each year. Although sun protection is used by 95% of those exposed at work, only 9% are fully protected.

A 2015 study estimated that 7220 melanomas occurring in Australia in 2010 could be attributed to UV radiation exposure. The incidence of melanoma in those under the age of 25 is stable and is believed to be due to improved sun protection behaviours from education programs, although it may partly relate to the change in the population racial mix.

Evidence shows that a wide range of measures can be effective in reducing the impact of skin cancer. Australia now has extensive prevention programs and it has been estimated that the return on a national skin cancer prevention media campaign is approximately $2.32 for every dollar invested, through reduced healthcare costs.

Conclusion This review summarises the impact of UV exposure on skin cancer prevalence in Australia. The policy priorities include reducing UV exposures, education programs and early intervention. These strategies also have the potential for broader applicability in the prevention of other occupational risks.