Environmental and economic changes that have a great impact on occupational health will be reviewed both macroscopically and microscopically.

A macroscopic principle for a desirable national and societal system of occupational health and safety (OSH) will be introduced to define the social dimension and responsibility on OHS. In this perspective, it will be discussed:

1. the importance of social dimension of OHS;

2. the role of governmental and public sectors in the viewpoint of social dimension to change industry and commerce in response to calls for social and responsible business and OHS; and

3. countervailing forces for hope in the future.