Article Text
Abstract
Objectives There is an urgent need for validated measures of health-adverse psychosocial work environments. We tested the validity of a newly developed short version of the original questionnaire measuring effort–reward imbalance at work (ERI).
Methods The study sample comprised working men and women (n=4771) participating in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study, in 2006 and 2008. Structural equation modelling was applied to test factorial validity, using the ERI scales. Furthermore, criterion validity was explored with two prospectively assessed health indicators, poor self-reported health and depressive symptoms. Results are based on logistic and linear regression analyses, with appropriate confounder control.
Results The short version of the ERI questionnaire (16 items) provides satisfactory psychometric properties (internal consistency of scales, confirmatory factor analysis with a good model fit of the data with the theoretical structure). All scales, and the effort–reward ratio, were prospectively associated with an increased risk of poor general self-rated health and depressive symptoms, indicating satisfactory criterion validity.
Conclusion This short version of the ERI questionnaire provides a psychometrically useful tool for epidemiological studies focused on the health-adverse effects of work and employment in the context of a globalised economy.
- Effort reward imbalance
- psychometric properties
- short version
- work stress
- epidemiology
- stress
- longitudinal studies
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Footnotes
Funding CL, HW and TT were funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS, grant #2004–2021). The SLOSH study is funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS, grant #2005-0734). JS, NW and MW were funded by the German Research Foundation (Project SI 236-10/1).
Competing interests None.
Ethics approval This study was conducted with the approval of the Regional Research Ethics Board in Stockholm.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.