The aim of occupational health practice is to protect and promote workers’ health, to sustain and improve their working capacity and ability, to contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a safe and healthy working environment for all, as well as to promote the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers, taking into account their state of health.1

This first principle of the International Code of Ethics for Occupational Health Professionals, adopted by the International Commission for Occupational Health in March 2002, positions the occupational physician as a “protector” of personnel health. This role, in accordance with several codes of ethics applicable in a number of different countries,2^–7 has already been defined as such since 1950 by the ILO and WHO, updated by the ILO/WHO Joint Committee on Occupational Health in 1995:

Occupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions.8

However, one is forced to accept that this task is not …