Confounding and confounders

R McNamee

doi:10.1136/oem.60.3.227

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Confounding and confounders

Online download statistics by month:

Online download statistics by month: February 2003 to September 2024

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Feb 2003	0	120	41
Mar 2003	0	123	44
Apr 2003	0	47	13
May 2003	0	33	23
Jun 2003	0	26	24
Jul 2003	0	163	7
Aug 2003	0	85	18
Sep 2003	0	74	32
Oct 2003	0	61	19
Nov 2003	0	45	12
Dec 2003	0	26	5
Jan 2004	0	155	18
Feb 2004	1	16	12
Mar 2004	2	93	37
Apr 2004	0	119	16
May 2004	0	55	16
Jun 2004	0	49	24
Jul 2004	1	61	25
Aug 2004	0	113	30
Sep 2004	0	159	31
Oct 2004	31	99	49
Nov 2004	25	95	49
Dec 2004	29	104	26
Jan 2005	13	85	44
Feb 2005	31	101	59
Mar 2005	19	49	49
Apr 2005	27	63	39
May 2005	42	68	52
Jun 2005	34	67	44
Jul 2005	33	39	42
Aug 2005	29	55	38
Sep 2005	22	67	36
Oct 2005	36	81	50
Nov 2005	37	118	59
Dec 2005	11	67	26
Jan 2006	46	72	27
Feb 2006	50	49	38
Mar 2006	62	63	35
Apr 2006	42	64	29
May 2006	49	68	30
Jun 2006	32	32	18
Jul 2006	31	42	23
Aug 2006	32	50	25
Sep 2006	33	86	46
Oct 2006	41	107	48
Nov 2006	32	129	74
Dec 2006	14	111	43
Jan 2007	27	116	47
Feb 2007	27	147	52
Mar 2007	42	139	61
Apr 2007	68	48	43
May 2007	41	30	32
Jun 2007	41	29	27
Jul 2007	30	42	20
Aug 2007	30	29	21
Sep 2007	47	21	31
Oct 2007	80	41	29
Nov 2007	75	37	28
Dec 2007	46	34	21
Jan 2008	54	21	21
Feb 2008	54	45	24
Mar 2008	73	32	35
Apr 2008	72	35	31
May 2008	38	23	11
Jun 2008	35	10	4
Jul 2008	32	23	18
Aug 2008	41	22	17
Sep 2008	49	32	16
Oct 2008	52	24	15
Nov 2008	52	20	9
Dec 2008	25	19	16
Jan 2009	37	13	12
Feb 2009	36	23	22
Mar 2009	40	18	15
Apr 2009	43	18	13
May 2009	25	25	19
Jun 2009	19	8	9
Jul 2009	21	11	14
Aug 2009	27	12	8
Sep 2009	38	28	12
Oct 2009	51	14	11
Nov 2009	63	24	36
Dec 2009	49	31	25
Jan 2010	39	18	19
Feb 2010	47	17	11
Mar 2010	89	29	12
Apr 2010	73	23	13
May 2010	63	38	16
Jun 2010	48	21	10
Jul 2010	30	15	8
Aug 2010	57	18	10
Sep 2010	46	44	19
Oct 2010	59	48	17
Nov 2010	65	35	18
Dec 2010	45	33	13
Jan 2011	81	31	15
Feb 2011	69	25	13
Mar 2011	100	55	17
Apr 2011	61	44	15
May 2011	98	39	19
Jun 2011	72	30	18
Jul 2011	57	19	9
Aug 2011	49	20	10
Sep 2011	101	30	20
Oct 2011	115	61	8
Nov 2011	105	73	41
Dec 2011	28	83	25
Jan 2012	31	186	42
Feb 2012	27	127	51
Mar 2012	33	119	42
Apr 2012	23	136	33
May 2012	49	166	41
Jun 2012	22	141	34
Jul 2012	27	141	33
Aug 2012	21	111	29
Sep 2012	35	154	33
Oct 2012	53	316	51
Nov 2012	0	262	44
Dec 2012	0	241	41
Jan 2013	0	275	69
Feb 2013	0	247	41
Mar 2013	0	322	53
Apr 2013	0	358	68
May 2013	0	281	55
Jun 2013	19	235	32
Jul 2013	26	195	33
Aug 2013	29	187	48
Sep 2013	25	339	69
Oct 2013	36	345	49
Nov 2013	38	403	45
Dec 2013	25	258	49
Jan 2014	18	189	39
Feb 2014	25	228	47
Mar 2014	21	736	47
Apr 2014	34	307	52
May 2014	22	255	26
Jun 2014	20	194	26
Jul 2014	30	188	35
Aug 2014	22	241	40
Sep 2014	26	341	65
Oct 2014	47	297	40
Nov 2014	30	175	20
Dec 2014	20	105	11
Jan 2015	17	86	15
Feb 2015	28	47	23
Mar 2015	19	251	45
Apr 2015	31	256	27
May 2015	34	180	35
Jun 2015	25	137	34
Jul 2015	23	163	42
Aug 2015	22	179	35
Sep 2015	32	180	50
Oct 2015	8	145	19
Nov 2015	27	223	40
Dec 2015	27	195	24
Jan 2016	14	153	21
Feb 2016	17	152	22
Mar 2016	35	253	36
Apr 2016	22	239	32
May 2016	22	169	35
Jun 2016	13	132	7
Jul 2016	15	90	21
Aug 2016	26	138	32
Sep 2016	24	257	129
Oct 2016	43	457	205
Nov 2016	38	232	52
Dec 2016	38	237	34
Jan 2017	35	194	38
Feb 2017	14	146	33
Mar 2017	19	234	50
Apr 2017	7	345	29
May 2017	17	291	43
Jun 2017	104	249	24
Jul 2017	265	255	35
Aug 2017	233	205	25
Sep 2017	258	236	42
Oct 2017	344	317	66
Nov 2017	187	163	25
Dec 2017	180	159	33
Jan 2018	163	147	24
Feb 2018	214	182	24
Mar 2018	311	280	39
Apr 2018	291	279	55
May 2018	285	274	53
Jun 2018	205	191	41
Jul 2018	146	140	32
Aug 2018	161	151	62
Sep 2018	198	190	39
Oct 2018	265	249	60
Nov 2018	295	279	44
Dec 2018	242	220	33
Jan 2019	249	234	68
Feb 2019	243	216	64
Mar 2019	309	263	84
Apr 2019	385	367	80
May 2019	457	411	56
Jun 2019	397	369	51
Jul 2019	397	367	59
Aug 2019	350	310	49
Sep 2019	461	413	54
Oct 2019	784	732	112
Nov 2019	700	642	92
Dec 2019	497	458	53
Jan 2020	528	495	61
Feb 2020	702	647	63
Mar 2020	670	621	61
Apr 2020	519	487	88
May 2020	339	285	76
Jun 2020	315	271	53
Jul 2020	250	228	69
Aug 2020	291	245	51
Sep 2020	509	461	61
Oct 2020	681	604	90
Nov 2020	604	533	84
Dec 2020	506	471	68
Jan 2021	543	476	68
Feb 2021	694	618	85
Mar 2021	459	311	74
Apr 2021	305	225	51
May 2021	153	125	49
Jun 2021	107	107	38
Jul 2021	109	109	33
Aug 2021	224	226	36
Sep 2021	377	378	58
Oct 2021	551	491	135
Nov 2021	386	313	88
Dec 2021	509	441	97
Jan 2022	554	504	85
Feb 2022	477	417	86
Mar 2022	595	563	91
Apr 2022	834	752	152
May 2022	781	730	123
Jun 2022	411	366	102
Jul 2022	425	356	63
Aug 2022	399	348	60
Sep 2022	438	407	102
Oct 2022	555	489	111
Nov 2022	514	406	88
Dec 2022	298	252	71
Jan 2023	355	302	66
Feb 2023	385	325	71
Mar 2023	452	377	89
Apr 2023	391	326	123
May 2023	382	300	120
Jun 2023	287	257	49
Jul 2023	426	346	70
Aug 2023	293	232	74
Sep 2023	337	286	62
Oct 2023	486	387	63
Nov 2023	587	407	112
Dec 2023	937	94	50
Jan 2024	1211	23	11
Feb 2024	484	15	15
Mar 2024	684	28	27
Apr 2024	639	28	10
May 2024	514	23	18
Jun 2024	495	17	15
Jul 2024	543	15	15
Aug 2024	637	13	17
Sep 2024	454	10	14
Total	42757	47826	10927

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Online download statistics by month:

Online download statistics by month: February 2003 to September 2024

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