Background Hundreds of thousands of men from rural areas of South Africa and neighboring
countries have come to seek work in the gold mines. They are not immigrants in the usual …

Background Anaemia in pregnancy is a major public health and economic problem
worldwide, that contributes to both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective The …

Background Eliminating silicosis is a priority of the International Labour Organization and
the World Health Organization. Prevalence is particularly high in developing countries …

Background. The rate of recurrent tuberculosis disease due to reinfection, compared with the
incidence of new tuberculosis, in those with and without HIV infection is not known. Methods …

Background: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is a complex, but
preventable, health problem for South African miners. Meticulously collected data should be …

Background: Crystalline silica and asbestos are common minerals that occur throughout
South Africa, exposure to either causes respiratory disease. Most studies on silicosis in …

Background Exposure to occupational manganese (Mn) is associated with neurotoxic brain
injury, manifesting primarily as parkinsonism. The association between environmental Mn …

Background: HIV increases the risk of tuberculosis directly, through immunosuppression,
and indirectly, through onward transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the …

Abstract Background Manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity is associated with parkinsonism; the
associated motor deficits can affect individuals' quality of life (QoL). We investigated …

Abstract Background Mine workers in South Africa face challenges relating to poor health
and safety, including fatigue risks, and poor socioeconomic and living conditions. Fatigue …