This study was set up to test the effectiveness of primary nursing on the burnout level of psychiatric nurses. It was expected that, under certain conditions, such as a primary nursing care delivery with an adequate feedback system, the burnout level would decrease. In a quasi-experimental research design, a cohort of 161 psychiatric nurses was followed for 2.5 years. Results showed that although the burnout level did not change as a result of primary nursing, psychiatric nurses and the practical nurses seemed able to work according to the principles of primary nursing. Strong indications were found that the job turnover decreased as a result of the introduction of primary nursing. Because two main problems were encountered in this study, a high drop-out due to job turnover among nurses and the imitation of the intervention by the control group, several additional analyses were performed.