Data on reproductive histories were collected from 1016 couples in which the males were directly exposed to pesticides. For comparison data were collected from 1020 couples who were not exposed to pesticides and belong to the same socioeconomic group and age range. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in fertile males and a significant increase in abortions among the wives of these exposed males when compared to the control group. The frequency of live births decreased significantly and still births, neonatal deaths, and congenital defects showed a significant increase in the offspring of exposed males when compared to the offspring of control group. Smokers exposed to pesticides showed a higher effect than nonsmokers exposed to pesticides. Eighty percent males in the exposed group showed ill health effects such as severe giddiness, nervous, skin, and eye disorders.