Hwang, S-L., Hwang, J-S., Yang, Y-T., Hsieh, W. A., Chang, T-C., Guo, H-R., Tsai, M-H., Tang, J-L. Lin, I-F. and Chang, W. P. Estimates of Relative Risks for Cancers in a Population after Prolonged Low-Dose-Rate Radiation Exposure: A Follow-up Assessment from 1983 to 2005. Radiat. Res. 170, 143–148 (2008).

Radiation effects on cancer risks in a cohort of Taiwanese residents who received protracted low-dose-rate γ-radiation exposures from ⁶⁰Co-contaminated reinforcing steel used to build their apartments were studied, and risks were compared to those in other radiation-exposed cohorts. Analyses were based on a more extended follow-up of the cohort population in which 117 cancer cases diagnosed between 1983 and 2005 among 6,242 people with an average excess cumulative exposure estimate of about 48 mGy. Cases were identified from Taiwan's National Cancer Registry. Radiation effects on cancer risk were estimated using proportional hazards models and were summarized in terms of the hazard ratio associated with a 100-mGy increase in dose (HR_100mGy). A significant radiation risk was observed for leukemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (HR_100mGy 1.19, 90% CI 1.01–1.31). Breast cancer exhibited a marginally significant dose response (HR_100mGy 1.12, 90% CI 0.99–1.21). The results further strengthen the association between protracted low-dose radiation and cancer risks, especially for breast cancers and leukemia, in this unique cohort population.