Pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Natural products have great potential for structural modifications to achieve the desired biological effect. In addition, these are considered safer, less expensive, and easily accessible compared to synthetic drugs. The natural compound coixol is a potent insulin secretagogue, obtained from the Plant parts of Scoparia dulcis and Coix lacryma jobi. In the present research work, we synthesized coixol-based derivatives that could potentially emerge as successful antidiabetic agents. Our previous work explains exclusive molecular docking studies based on the natural product coixol, which led to the current selection of twelve molecules comprising 2-benzoxazolinones, 2-benzimidazolinone, and benzimidazole-2-thiones with a good binding affinity toward ATP-sensitive potassium channel. All the synthesized molecules were screened for in vitro studies using a rat insulin ELISA assay. Wherein, Compounds 14a and 34 were identified as the most potent molecules with percentage insulin secretory concentrations of 162.43 and 227.16 µU/mL respectively which was reportedly higher than the standard drug Glibenclamide. The in vivo antidiabetic effect was checked using the streptozotocin-induced Type-II diabetes rat model, which revealed that test compounds 14a and 34 significantly reduced plasma glucose and total cholesterol levels and a marked increase in plasma insulin response was observed in diabetic rats. The histopathological examination at the end of the protocol also showed an improvement in the pancreatic tissue of diseased animals treated with test compounds 14a and 34. Thus, this research work indicates that the synthesized derivatives of coixol, 14a and 34 have good potential to be used for treating and managing Type-II diabetes in the future.

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem affecting 347 million people worldwide and was identified by the World Health Organization as one of four priority noncommunicable diseases. While it poses a severe menace in the world population, efficient but cheap and readily available drugs to fight this disease are still lacking. There is a myriad of synthetic compounds available to treat diabetes. Likewise, there are available natural products that have the potential to offer a diversity of hypoglycemic activities. These natural products are the principal sources of bioactive components that could be utilized and possibly lead to new drug discoveries. Hence, extensive research has reported an accelerating number of bioactive components from natural products that exhibit antidiabetic activity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bioactive plant components that have been isolated and have demonstrated hypoglycemic activity that can be utilized for the mitigation and/or treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Las alteraciones de la eyaculación constituyen un problema de consulta frecuente en urología y en cierta medida, en la consulta general. Su importancia radica, además de su alta prevalencia, en el detrimento psicológico que repercute en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, sus parejas, y por constituir una posible causa de infertilidad. Dada la complejidad del control de la función eyaculatoria, las causas pueden ser múltiples y por lo tanto es necesario un abordaje integral del bienestar biopsicosocial del paciente para lograr un manejo adecuado de esta afección. Por otro lado, si bien es imprescindible entender los aspectos fisiopatológicos de estas disfunciones para comprender su manejo, hay que hacer notar que su diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico. Sobre este último tópico es que existe gran controversia, ya que existe variabilidad en la definición de algunos de estos trastornos, lo que afecta la capacidad de detección del clínico, su manejo y también la calidad de los estudios clínicos que investigan su tratamiento. El tratamiento adecuado parte con un correcto diagnóstico clínico y, como se dijo anteriormente, exige un abordaje multidisciplinario. De hecho es históricamente un campo compartido con la psiquiatría, incluyendo el DSM criterios estrictos para su diagnóstico. Existen diversas terapias dependiendo del diagnóstico de cada trastorno, las que van desde tratamientos farmacológicos hasta terapias psicológicas según sea la situación clínica.

Ejaculatory disorders constitute a frequent consultation problem in urology, and to a certain extent, in general practice. Their importance is based, besides a high prevalence, on the psychological damage that affects patients and their couple’s quality of life and because they could be a possible cause of infertility. Given the ejaculatory control complexity, there might be several causes and therefore it is necessary an integral approach of the patient’s biopsychosocial wellbeing to achieve the right treatment of this affection. Although it is essential to understand physiopathological aspects of this disorders to understand their management, it is necessary to highlight that its diagnosis is mainly clinical. It is on this last subject that great controversy exists, given the variability of some of these disorders’ definitions, which affect the clinicians detection capacity, its management and also the quality of the clinical studies which investigate its treatment. Proper treatment starts with a right diagnosis and, as stated before, demands a multidisciplinary approach. In fact it has been historically a shared field with psychiatry, including DSM strict criteria for its diagnosis. There are many therapies according to the clinical situation of each disorder, and those go from pharmacological to psychological treatments.

In present study, crude polysaccharides (TCPs) were obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation from the Taxus cuspidata. With a purpose of finding valuable and economical drug for diabetes, TCPs was administered orally at three doses [50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] to the diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as glucose tolerance were evaluated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice. TCPs could dose-dependently significantly increase the body weight of diabetic mice, and reverse the decrease of SOD and the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in kidney and liver of diabetic mice as compared to those in control group. Meanwhile, the level of FBG markedly decreased in diabetic mice administrated with TCPs, followed by the enhancement of FINS level especially at the higher dose. Furthermore, glibenclamide and TCPs significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. These results indicated that TCPs could be developed to a potential anti-diabetic drug in the future.