Elsevier

American Heart Journal

Volume 138, Issue 5, November 1999, Pages 804-807
American Heart Journal

First steps toward understanding the pathophysiologic link between air pollution and cardiac mortality,☆☆,

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70002-5Get rights and content

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. Polly Hogan for help in the preparation of this manuscript.

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      The former smokers and all study participants pooled together demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate and increase in oxygen pulse. Based on the tidal volume and respiratory rate responses, we speculate that the reduction in heart rate after TRAP was the result of stimulation of irritant airway receptors, triggering predominantly a vagal response compared with systemic sympathetic stress.36 The effects of PM2.5 on heart rate have been inconsistent,19,37,38 although most studies show an increase in heart rate after exposure to PM2.5.

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      Evidence from animal studies show that afferent nerve receptors in the lower respiratory tract are sensitive to irritants and pollutants and can cause pronounced reflex bradycardia and hypotension (Widdicombe and Lee, 2001). Another possible reason may be that PM2.5 can lead to the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in either direction, which could also lead to a decreased change in blood pressure (Stone and Godleski, 1999). Most previous studies were mainly based on resting blood pressure measured once in regular time during the daytime (Hoffmann et al., 2012; Jacobs et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2013).

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      HRV can reflect a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity; thus, many studies used HRV as a tool for monitoring physiological responses of ANS (Anon,1996; Togo and Takahashi, 2009). Stone and Godleski (1999) have mentioned two possible mechanisms by which inhaled particles could affect HRV and thereby increase cardiovascular risk (Stone and Godleski, 1999). First, the adverse effects of particles could be mediated a sympathetic stress response leading to decreased HRV.

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    Reprint requests: Peter H. Stone, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215.

    ☆☆

    Am Heart J 1999;138:804-7.

    0002-8703/99/$8.00 + 0   4/4/99146

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