Reproductive toxicology reviewsA critical review of low-level prenatal lead exposure in the human: 1. Effects on the fetus and newborn
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2019, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :It is well-known that the presence of heavy metals in waste water bodies due to natural and anthropogenic activities is extremely dangerous to the lives of humans and aquatic habitants as they interfere with body systems to cause diseases such as liver damage, chronic asthma, diarrhea, kidney congestion, headaches, nausea, vomiting, dermatitis and so on (Ernhart, 1992; Khlifi and Hamza-Chaffai, 2010; Sublet et al., 2003).
Blood heavy metal concentrations in pregnant Korean women and their children up to age 5 years: Mothers’ and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) birth cohort study
2017, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Thus, even when the mother has low blood levels of these metals, the placenta cannot prevent their transfer to the fetus. This observation is consistent with the findings of other studies (Ernhart, 1992; Iyengar and Rapp, 2001; Raghunath et al., 2000). Furthermore, maternal lead and mercury levels correlated with infants' levels of these metals.
Adsorption of lead on gel combustion derived nano ZnO
2013, Procedia EngineeringHeavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in maternal, cord blood and placenta of healthy women
2011, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental HealthCitation Excerpt :This indicates that even when the mother has a low blood lead level, the placenta cannot prevent lead transfer from mother to newborn. This observation is consistent with the findings of other studies (Ernhart, 1992; Iyengar and Rapp, 2001; Raghunath et al., 2000). Nevertheless, our correlation coefficient (r) of 0.456 was lower than in many other countries (Table 10).
The clinical content of preconception care: environmental exposures
2008, American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyCitation Excerpt :Although there is no documented safe threshold for BLLs, the adverse effects of antepartum lead levels on the fetus in the range typically found in the United States have not been established. It is also difficult to interpret BLLs in pregnancy because of the potential for hemodilution and the frequent presence of coexisting anemia.18 This, however, does not preclude measuring the BLL in a preconception or pregnant patient who gives a history suggestive of past or current exposure.