Table 1

Observed and expected deaths, SMRs and 95% CIs for selected causes* for 9951 vinyl chloride workers†

Cause of death	Observed	Expected	SMR	95% CI
All causes	5636	6493.2	0.87	0.85 to 0.89
All malignant neoplasms	1713	1741.0	0.98	0.94 to 1.03
Oral cavity and pharynx	35	35.3	0.99	0.69 to 1.38
Oesophagus	55	48.6	1.13	0.85 to 1.47
Stomach	34	45.2	0.75	0.52 to 1.05
Intestine except rectum	115	140.2	0.82	0.68 to 0.98
Rectum	30	30.1	1.00	0.67 to 1.42
Liver, biliary passages and gall bladder	135	47.0	2.87	2.40 to 3.40
Liver only‡	117	31.8	3.68	3.04 to 4.41
Pancreas	75	83.4	0.90	0.71 to 1.13
Larynx	12	21.5	0.56	0.29 to 0.97
Trachea, bronchus, lung	591	672.5	0.88	0.81 to 0.95
Pleura	4	1.2	3.37	0.92 to 8.63
Breast	3	2.0	1.46	0.30 to 4.28
Prostate	112	126.3	0.89	0.73 to 1.07
Kidney	52	44.6	1.16	0.87 to 1.53
Bladder and other urinary organs	55	45.7	1.20	0.91 to 1.57
Bone	4	4.7	0.85	0.23 to 2.17
Melanoma	29	26.7	1.09	0.73 to 1.56
Skin	7	8.9	0.79	0.32 to 1.63
Mesothelioma	12	5.2	2.29	1.18 to 4.00
Connective tissue	20	8.2	2.43	1.48 to 3.75
Brain and central nervous system	52	41.1	1.27	0.95 to 1.66
Eye	2	0.9	2.14	0.26 to 7.72
Thyroid	3	3.2	0.94	0.19 to 2.74
Other and unspecified malignancy	102	124.4	0.82	0.67 to 1.00
Hodgkin’s disease	3	8.1	0.37	0.08 to 1.08
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	64	62.7	1.02	0.79 to 1.30
Multiple myeloma	25	27.9	0.90	0.58 to 1.32
Leukaemia and aleukaemia	71	63.3	1.12	0.88 to 1.41
Benign and unspecified neoplasms	13	21.1	0.62	0.33 to 1.06
Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs	17	24.7	0.69	0.40 to 1.10
Diabetes	130	150.8	0.86	0.72 to 1.02
Nervous system and sense organs	141	130.4	1.08	0.91 to 1.27
Diseases of the heart	1910	2225.6	0.86	0.82 to 0.90
Cerebrovascular disease	259	311.4	0.83	0.73 to 0.94
Diseases of the respiratory system	430	591.2	0.73	0.66 to 0.80
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	248	337.3	0.74	0.65 to 0.83
Asbestosis	6	2.4	2.53	0.92 to 5.51
Diseases of the digestive system	185	248.9	0.74	0.64 to 0.86
Cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease	97	113.5	0.85	0.69 to 1.04
Diseases of genitourinary	80	111.5	0.72	0.57 to 0.89
Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue	4	5.8	0.69	0.19 to 1.75
Symptoms and ill-defined conditions	50	62.4	0.80	0.59 to 1.06
External causes	335	451.7	0.74	0.66 to 0.83

*NIOSH state-specific referent rates used unless otherwise noted.
†401,524 person-years for full cohort of 9951 workers.
‡NCHS/CanQues state referent rates uses.
NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.