Connective and soft tissue cancers, n=20Cirrhosis of the liver, n=97NMRD, n=430COPD, n=248
n HR 95% CIn HR 95% CIn HR 95% CIn HR 95% CI
Cumulative exposure*
<63 ppm-years1 Ref 11 Ref 62 Ref 35 Ref
63 to <287 ppm-years1 1.0 0.1 to 16.719 1.8 0.9 to 3.885 1.4 1.0 to 2.056 1.7 1.1 to 2.5
287 to <865 ppm-years3 2.9 0.3 to 28.022 2.0 1.0 to 4.193 1.4 1.0 to 1.959 1.6 1.0 to 2.4
865 to <2271 ppm-years5 4.6 0.5 to 39.524 2.1 1.0 to 4.3100 1.4 1.0 to 1.952 1.3 0.8 to 1.9
≥2271 ppm-years10 8.9 1.1 to 69.8 21 1.7 0.9 to 3.790 1.1 0.8 to 1.546 1.0 0.6 to 1.5
  • *Quintiles of cumulative exposure based on distributions among the full cohort, n=9951.

  • †All models unadjusted.

  • COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; NMRD, non-malignant respiratory disease; ppm, parts per million; Ref, referent.