LRS course | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total† | No LRS | LRS at W1 only | LRS at W1 and W2 only | LRS at W1, W2 and W3 | |
−,−,− | +,−,− | +,+,− | +,+,+ | ||
Per cent | Per cent | Per cent | Per cent | ||
Factor | 18 913 | 47.1 | 27.2 | 11.1 | 14.7 |
Gender | |||||
Male | 11 903 | 45.7 | 27.0 | 11.4 | 15.9 |
Female | 7010 | 49.4 | 27.5 | 10.6 | 12.5 |
Age category at 9/11/2001 | |||||
18–24 | 885 | 59.2 | 26.9 | 6.1 | 7.8 |
25–44 | 10 291 | 45.7 | 28.4 | 11.3 | 14.5 |
45–64 | 7264 | 47.2 | 25.7 | 11.3 | 15.8 |
≥65 | 473 | 51.6 | 23.0 | 11.8 | 13.5 |
Eligibility group | |||||
Rescue/Recovery workers | 8995 | 41.7 | 27.6 | 12.0 | 18.7 |
Residents | 2494 | 52.4 | 27.2 | 9.7 | 10.7 |
Area workers | 6591 | 52.2 | 26.6 | 10.4 | 10.7 |
Passersby | 816 | 48.9 | 27.0 | 10.5 | 13.6 |
Race/ethnicity | |||||
White non-Hispanic | 14 070 | 50.3 | 26.4 | 10.0 | 13.2 |
Black non-Hispanic | 1626 | 37.6 | 31.0 | 15.3 | 16.2 |
Hispanic | 1821 | 32.6 | 28.0 | 14.8 | 24.6 |
Asian | 884 | 49.2 | 29.6 | 10.2 | 11.0 |
Other | 512 | 36.1 | 28.3 | 15.2 | 20.3 |
Education‡ | |||||
High school or less | 3617 | 35.9 | 26.0 | 14.2 | 23.8 |
Some college | 4433 | 37.6 | 28.4 | 13.6 | 20.4 |
College/post-graduate | 10 780 | 54.7 | 27.1 | 9.0 | 9.2 |
BMI reported at W3‡ | |||||
Normal (<25) | 5688 | 55.7 | 26.4 | 8.6 | 9.4 |
Overweight (25–29) | 7486 | 47.3 | 27.9 | 10.8 | 14.0 |
Obese (≥30) | 5433 | 37.8 | 27.0 | 14.1 | 21.1 |
Smoking at W3‡ | |||||
Every day | 1049 | 29.5 | 23.2 | 16.8 | 30.6 |
Some days | 709 | 36.2 | 29.2 | 14.1 | 20.5 |
Not at all | 16 908 | 48.7 | 27.3 | 10.6 | 13.4 |
Social integration at W3‡ | |||||
Low | 2597 | 34.5 | 27.8 | 13.1 | 24.6 |
Medium | 7191 | 47.8 | 27.1 | 10.9 | 14.1 |
High | 8607 | 50.2 | 27.2 | 10.6 | 12.0 |
Lacking health insurance‡ | |||||
No | 16 315 | 48.4 | 27.2 | 10.9 | 13.5 |
Some time since 9/11 but not in past 12 months | 1363 | 41.7 | 26.9 | 11.1 | 20.4 |
Lacking in past 12 months | 917 | 34.6 | 27.6 | 13.3 | 24.5 |
Exposure scale‡ | |||||
Low | 4874 | 63.8 | 21.6 | 6.7 | 7.9 |
Medium | 7970 | 48.8 | 27.1 | 11.0 | 13.1 |
High | 4373 | 35.4 | 31.5 | 13.7 | 19.3 |
Very high | 1696 | 20.9 | 32.4 | 17.5 | 29.3 |
Probable PTSD at W2 | |||||
No | 15 530 | 53.2 | 27.9 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
Yes | 2893 | 16.8 | 23.4 | 19.8 | 40.0 |
Probable PTSD at W3 | |||||
No | 15 817 | 52.0 | 28.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Yes | 2441 | 17.5 | 22.1 | 16.8 | 43.6 |
Probable depression at W3 | |||||
No | 15 880 | 51.6 | 28.0 | 10.1 | 10.3 |
Yes | 2481 | 20.0 | 21.8 | 16.6 | 41.5 |
Probable GAD at W3 | |||||
No | 16 466 | 50.3 | 27.8 | 10.4 | 11.5 |
Yes | 1951 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 16.4 | 40.3 |
*All factors are significant by χ2 at p<0.0001.
†The total may not add to 100% due to rounding and may be <18 913 due to missing data.‡Cochran-Armitage trend test for persistent LRS versus other three categories significant at p<0.0001.
BMI, body mass index; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; LRS, lower respiratory symptoms; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; W1, Wave 1; W2, Wave 2; W3, Wave 3.