Prospective cohort studies |
Tüchsen et al35 | 67% | Fixed evening Fixed night Rotating shifts: intermittent day/evening, intermittent evening/night, intermittent day/evening/night. Evening work usually between 14:00–23:00 h
| Not given | Fixed and rotating (speed/direction not given) | Not given | Day work |
Tüchsen et al36 | 67% | Irregular working hours: 2-shift system, fixed evening shifts, 3-shift system and fixed nights | Not given | Fixed and rotating | | Permanent day work |
Case-control studies |
Kleiven et al38 | 76% | 3-Shift system: slowly rotating between day/evening/night | Not given | | | Day work |
Bourbonnais et al39 | 59% | ‘Evening, night, shift’: assumed fixed evening, fixed night and rotating shift schedules | Not given | Fixed and rotating (speed/direction not given) | Not given M ± SD seniority in hospital: cases: 10.9±5.0 years; Controls 10.3±5.0 years (p=0.097) M ± SD seniority last position: cases: 45.3±42.1 months; controls: 43.6±42.5 months (p=0.601)
| Day work |
Cross-sectional studies |
Higashi et al40 | 67% | 3-Shift system: rotated between starting times: 06:00, 14:00 and 22:00 h | Continuous | Rotating (speed/direction not given) | Not given | Not given |
Niedhammer et al41 | 62% | Shift work without nights Night work Shift work including nights
| Not given | Fixed and rotating (speed/direction not given) | Not given | Day work |
Böckerman and Laukkanen42 | 54% | Shift and period work as one group (definition used: hours worked not limited to the usual daily/weekly hours) | Not given | Not given | Not given | Non-shift and non-period workers |
Ohayon et al43 | 54% | 2-Shift system: rotated mainly between morning/evening shifts (6:30–14:30 h/13:30–21:30 h) Fixed/rotating night: either fixed night time or rotating between day/evening/night
| Not given | Fixed and rotating (speed/direction not given) | Not given | Daytime (08:00–09:00 h to 16:00–17:00 h) |
Eyal et al44 | 54% | Shift work | Not given | Not given | | Day work: white collar workers |