Exposure | OR* (95% CI) | Women | Men | Sex difference (p value) | ||||
Cases/controls exposed, n | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | Cases/controls exposed, n | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | |||
Any electrical transmission installation | 1.52 (0.90 to 2.56) | 6/7 | 8.10 (2.66 to 24.7) | 5.81 (1.72 to 19.66) | 13/160 | 1.13 (0.63 to 2.05) | 1.27 (0.69 to 2.33) | 0.007 |
Transformers or substations | 1.85 (0.98 to 3.50) | 2/3 | 6.55 (1.07 to 40.17) | 5.16 (0.81 to 32.73) | 10/93 | 1.57 (0.80 to 3.10) | 1.74 (0.87 to 3.48) | 0.04 |
Overhead high-voltage power lines | 1.41 (0.73 to 2.70) | 4/5 | 7.30 (1.92 to 27.77) | 4.78 (1.05 to 21.75) | 8/102 | 1.08 (0.51 to 2.26) | 1.22 (0.57 to 2.59) | 0.03 |
Adjusted for substations | 6.05 (1.52 to 24.09) | 3.76 (0.77 to 18.37) | 1.12 (0.50 to 2.48) | 1.21 (0.54 to 2.74) | ||||
Any electrical machine | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.24) | 14/156 | 0.68 (0.38 to 1.23) | 0.67 (0.36 to 1.26) | 56/716 | 1.0 (0.71 to 1.40) | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.47) | 0.86 |
Machine tools | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.51) | 7/54 | 1.13 (0.50 to 2.54) | 1.16 (0.50 to 2.72) | 33/431 | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.45) | 1.01 (0.66 to 1.55) | 0.31 |
Ovens or furnaces | 1.26 (0.83 to 1.92) | 8/49 | 1.40 (0.65 to 3.04) | 1.45 (0.65 to 3.25) | 24/245 | 1.37 (0.87 to 2.16) | 1.26 (0.77 to 2.07) | 0.35 |
Lifting trucks | 0.71 (0.35 to 1.44) | 2/4 | 4.85 (0.85 to 27.55) | 6.25 (0.97 to 40.17) | 7/162 | 0.57 (0.26 to 1.23) | 0.58 (0.26 to 1.28) | 0.02 |
Other electrical machines | 0.78 (0.49 to 1.24) | 5/82 | 0.44 (0.17 to 1.11) | 0.37 (0.13 to 1.06) | 18/235 | 0.93 (0.56 to 1.56) | 1.0 (0.60 to 1.71) | 0.27 |
Welding apparatus | 1.38 (0.79 to 2.41) | 3/12 | 1.92 (0.49 to 7.47) | 1.45 (0.35 to 5.96) | 18/151 | 1.58 (0.87 to 2.85) | 1.50 (0.81 to 2.79) | 0.49 |
Any room with a complex electronic device | 1.69 (1.13 to 2.50) | 11/72 | 1.28 (0.65 to 2.52) | 1.22 (0.58 to 2.55) | 26/212 | 1.83 (1.16 to 2.89) | 2.0 (1.24 to 3.22) | 0.71 |
Computer rooms | 1.44 (0.80 to 2.59) | 4/29 | 1.25 (0.43 to 3.67) | 1.63 (0.54 to 4.98) | 10/122 | 1.17 (0.60 to 2.31) | 1.45 (0.72 to 2.92) | 0.58 |
Control or computer rooms | 2.02 (1.29 to 3.16) | 5/31 | 1.45 (0.54 to 3.85) | 1.94 (0.70 to 5.37) | 23/181 | 1.90 (1.18 to 3.06) | 2.16 (1.30 to 3.58) | 0.78 |
Telephone switchboards | 1.49 (0.74 to 3.0) | 5/34 | 1.18 (0.45 to 3.10) | 1.08 (0.39 to 3.03) | 5/38 | 1.83 (0.71 to 4.74) | 1.99 (0.75 to 5.27) | 0.65 |
Rooms with complex medical equipment | 1.12 (0.33 to 3.84) | 2/11 | 1.45 (0.32 to 6.72) | 0.76 (0.09 to 6.08) | 2/15 | 1.74 (0.39 to 7.75) | 1.37 (0.29 to 6.42) | 0.67 |
Computer screens | 1.28 (0.90 to 1.81) | 17/146 | 0.97 (0.56 to 1.71) | 1.05 (0.57 to 1.96) | 39/436 | 1.24 (0.83 to 1.84) | 1.41 (0.91 to 2.19) | 0.78 |
Source of radiation | 0.64 (0.15 to 2.73) | 0/0 | NE | NE | 3/36 | 0.97 (0.29 to 3.18) | 0.65 (0.15 to 2.76) | NE |
OR* reports unstratified risk estimates, adjusted for sex, 5-year age groups, country, eye colour, skin colour, frequency of ocular damage due to intense UV exposure, alcohol consumption and education.
Sex-stratified ORs (OR1 and OR2): OR1 is adjusted for 5-year age groups and country only; OR2 is additionally adjusted for eye colour, skin colour, frequency of ocular damage due to intense UV exposure, alcohol consumption and education.
Reference subjects are subjects unexposed to respective source of EMF.
EMF, electromagnetic fields; NE, not estimable.