CAREX agent | High exposure (n) (%) | Moderate exposure (n) (%) | Low exposure (n) (%) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shift work | 1 900 000 (100%)* | – | – | 1 900 000 |
Solar radiation | 896 000 (61%) | 391 000 (26%) | 190 000 (13%) | 1 476 000 |
Silica (crystalline) | 53 000 (14%) | 147 000 (39%) | 182 000 (48%) | 382 000 |
Benzene | 1400 (<1%) | 32 000 (9%) | 341 000 (91%) | 374 000 |
Wood dust | 93 000 (28%) | 166 000 (49%) | 79 000 (23%) | 338 000 |
Lead | 60 000 (22%) | 81 000 (29%) | 136 000 (49%) | 277 000 |
Formaldehyde | 3700 (2%) | 46 000 (30%) | 102 000 (68%) | 151 000 |
Ultraviolet radiation (artificial sources) | 87 000 (62%) | 34 000 (24%) | 20 000 (14%) | 141 000 |
Nickel | 8100 (7%) | 12 000 (10%) | 97 000 (83%) | 117 000 |
Chromium (hexavalent) compounds | 500 (<1%) | 13 000 (12%) | 90 000 (87%) | 104 000 |
Styrene | 38 000 (43%) | 28 000 (32%) | 23 000 (26%) | 89 000 |
Ionising radiation† | <100 | 10 000–18 000 | 26 000–60 000 | 36 000–78 000 |
Antineoplastic agents | 5000 (9%) | 40 000 (70%) | 13 000 (21%) | 58 000 |
Cobalt | 1800 (6%) | 9500 (29%) | 21 000 (65%) | 33 000 |
Cadmium | 2200 (7%) | 21 000 (66%) | 8300 (27%) | 31 000 |
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) | 3400 (13%) | 8300 (33%) | 14 000 (54%) | 25 000 |
Tetrachloroethylene | 700 (5%) | 2200 (15%) | 12 000 (80%) | 15 000 |
Trichloroethylene | 300 (3%) | 5400 (55%) | 4100 (42%) | 9800 |
*Only those working regular night and rotating night shifts are reported as exposed.
†Results presented as a range due to the assumption that fewer workers are monitored for ionising radiation exposure than are actually exposed; see methods section for more details.