Table 3

Characteristics of studies

Author, yearCountryStudy designIndustry/sector job titlesSample size
Andersen, 201245DenmarkCluster-RCTPublic administrationI1=116, I2=126, I3=106, C1=101
Andersen, 2008, 201051 47; Blangsted, 200852DenmarkCluster-RCTPublic administrationI1=180, I2=187
De Kraker, 200853The NetherlandsRCTOther: call centreI1=46
Driessen, 2011, 2008, 2011, 201254–57The NetherlandsCluster-RCTProfessional, scientific or technical services; healthcare and social assistance; manufacturing; other: rail and airline companiesI1=1472 (19 departments)
Haukka, 200858FinlandCluster-RCTRetail; hospitality59 kitchens, 263 workers
Heinrich, 200959The NetherlandsRCTOther: predominantly agricultural workers but also other occupationsI1=53; I2=76
Jay, 201144DenmarkRCTProfessional, scientific or technical servicesI1=20
Jepsen, 200860DenmarkNon-randomised field trialProfessional, scientific or technical services125
Joshi, 201161IndiaRCTEducational servicesI1=30
King, 201362CanadaRCTProfessional, scientific or technical servicesI=11
Lacaze, 201063BrazilNon-randomised field trialOther: transportation and warehousing—flight-booking operators from the call centre of one airline32
Levanon, 2012, 201264 65Not specifiedBefore and after designOther: hi tech firmsI1=23, I2=22
Mahmud, 201166MalaysiaCluster-RCTEducational servicesI1=69
Meijer, 200967The NetherlandsCluster-RCTOther: governmental instituteI=178
Mongini, 2008, 2009, 201068–70ItalyNon-randomised field trialMunicipalityI=192
Parkkari, 201171FinlandCluster-RCTArmed servicesI=536
Pedersen, 200950DenmarkCluster-RCTPublic administrationI1=180; I2=187
Pillastrini, 200948ItalyCluster-RCTEducational servicesI1=35
Rempel, 201272USACluster-RCTHealthcare and social assistanceI1=56
Robertson, 200873USANon-randomised field trialProfessional, scientific or technical servicesI1=61, I2 N=not provided
Shiri, 201174FinlandRCTPublic Administration; Manufacturing; Healthcare & social assistance; Other: ‘Warehouse workers’?I=91
Spekle, 201075The NetherlandsRCTHealthcare and social assistance; educational services; municipality; other: nature conservation, regulatory affairsI1=605
van Eijsden-Besseling, 200876The NetherlandsRCTUnknownI1=44, I2=44
Vermeulen, 201177The NetherlandsRCTPublic administration; other services79
Von Thiele Schwarz, 200878SwedenCluster-RCTHealthcare and social assistance162
Zebis, 201149DenmarkCluster-RCTManufacturingI=282

  • C, control; I, intervention; RCT, randomised controlled trial.