All cancers | Bladder cancer | Brain cancer | Breast cancer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Year began working | ||||||||||||
1970+ | 541 | Reference | – | 6 | Reference | – | 39 | Reference | – | 109 | Reference | – |
1960–1969 | 839 | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) | 0.79 | 10 | 0.95 (0.29 to 3.08) | 0.93 | 34 | 0.83 (0.44 to 1.58) | 0.57 | 170 | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.65) | 0.47 |
1950–1959 | 1017 | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.21) | 0.82 | 11 | 0.55 (0.15 to 2.02) | 0.37 | 31 | 1.17 (0.50 to 2.73) | 0.72 | 120 | 0.82 (0.52 to 1.28) | 0.37 |
1940–1949 | 633 | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.32) | 0.45 | 15 | 0.90 (0.21 to 3.86) | 0.89 | 12 | 1.03 (0.32 to 3.27) | 0.96 | 76 | 1.90 (1.09 to 3.31) | 0.02 |
<1940 | 178 | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.45) | 0.33 | 4 | 0.63 (0.11 to 3.70) | 0.61 | 2 | 0.94 (0.15 to 5.82) | 0.94 | 25 | 2.51 (1.24 to 5.05) | 0.01 |
p Trend | 0.08 | p Trend | 0.98 | p Trend | 0.64 | p Trend | (0.01) | |||||
Age began working | ||||||||||||
30+ | 432 | Reference | – | 9 | Reference | – | 11 | Reference | – | 40 | Reference | – |
25–29 | 432 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.55 | 10 | 1.18 (0.47 to 2.97) | 0.72 | 10 | 0.69 (0.29 to 1.64) | 0.40 | 38 | 1.21 (0.77 to 1.89) | 0.41 |
20–24 | 1293 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.89 | 19 | 1.07 (0.46 to 2.50) | 0.88 | 49 | 0.79 (0.39 to 1.60) | 0.52 | 225 | 1.43 (1.00 to 2.05) | 0.05 |
<20 | 1051 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.13) | 0.99 | 8 | 0.77 (0.27 to 2.20) | 0.62 | 48 | 0.87 (0.43 to 1.79) | 0.71 | 197 | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.67) | 0.47 |
p Trend | 0.58 | p Trend | 0.49 | p Trend | 0.72 | p Trend | 0.24 | |||||
Total years worked | ||||||||||||
<10 | 1180 | Reference | – | 15 | Reference | – | 59 | Reference | – | 234 | Reference | – |
10–19 | 1034 | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.43 | 15 | 0.96 (0.46 to 2.02) | 0.91 | 43 | 0.81 (0.54 to 1.22) | 0.32 | 177 | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.08) | 0.22 |
20–29 | 670 | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.11) | 0.99 | 5 | 0.38 (0.13 to 1.11) | 0.08 | 10 | 0.38 (0.19 to 0.78) | 0.008 | 80 | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.20) | 0.52 |
30+ | 442 | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13) | 0.92 | 12 | 0.86 (0.35 to 2.10) | 0.74 | 8 | 0.65 (0.28 to 1.54) | 0.33 | 26 | 0.68 (0.44 to 1.06) | 0.09 |
p Trend | 0.97 | p Trend | 0.26 | p Trend | (0.02) | p Trend | 0.13 | |||||
Years worked before 1950 | ||||||||||||
None | 986 | Reference | – | 17 | Reference | – | 22 | Reference | – | 96 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 508 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.57 | 10 | 1.71 (0.65 to 4.54) | 0.28 | 10 | 0.92 (0.37 to 2.29) | 0.86 | 58 | 1.83 (1.21 to 2.76) | 0.004 |
5+ | 432 | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) | 0.80 | 11 | 1.27 (0.43 to 3.74) | 0.66 | 7 | 0.73 (0.23 to 2.29) | 0.59 | 53 | 2.05 (1.27 to 3.32) | 0.003 |
Ineligible | 1972 | 19 | 105 | 376 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.66 | p Trend | 0.45 | p Trend | 0.50 | p Trend | 0.006 | |||||
Years worked 1950–1959 | ||||||||||||
None | 1032 | Reference | – | 19 | Reference | – | 33 | Reference | – | 175 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 876 | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.21) | 0.61 | 12 | 0.86 (0.31 to 2.39) | 0.78 | 28 | 0.96 (0.32 to 2.83) | 0.92 | 125 | 0.62 (0.41 to 0.92) | 0.02 |
5+ | 1154 | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.27) | 0.20 | 21 | 0.73 (0.26 to 2.04) | 0.54 | 23 | 1.55 (0.57 to 4.26) | 0.39 | 98 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) | 0.03 |
Ineligible | 823 | 7 | 58 | 185 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.14 | p Trend | 0.98 | p Trend | 0.43 | p Trend | 0.41 | |||||
Years worked 1960–1969 | ||||||||||||
None | 1102 | Reference | – | 18 | Reference | – | 50 | Reference | – | 180 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 892 | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) | 0.74 | 13 | 0.54 (0.14 to 2.12) | 0.38 | 41 | 0.50 (0.15 to 1.61) | 0.24 | 164 | 1.26 (0.83 to 1.92) | 0.28 |
5+ | 1785 | 1.04 (0.89 to 1.21) | 0.66 | 28 | 0.62 (0.19 to 1.98) | 0.42 | 43 | 0.42 (0.15 to 1.24) | 0.12 | 200 | 1.18 (0.76 to 1.85) | 0.46 |
Ineligible | 102 | 0 | 10 | 32 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.78 | p Trend | 0.41 | p Trend | 0.19 | p Trend | 0.57 | |||||
Years worked 1970 or later | ||||||||||||
None | 888 | Reference | – | 14 | Reference | – | 27 | Reference | – | 149 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 448 | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.16) | 0.81 | 8 | 1.37 (0.39 to 4.88) | 0.62 | 26 | 1.70 (0.55 to 5.21) | 0.36 | 73 | 0.61 (0.36 to 1.04) | 0.07 |
5+ | 1990 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.01) | 0.08 | 25 | 1.32 (0.47 to 3.73) | 0.60 | 67 | 0.93 (0.35 to 2.50) | 0.88 | 295 | 0.63 (0.43 to 0.93) | 0.02 |
Ineligible | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.16 | p Trend | 0.75 | p Trend | 0.78 | p Trend | 0.19 | |||||
Times held patient for X-ray | ||||||||||||
None | 180 | Reference | – | 3 | Reference | – | 8 | Reference | – | 33 | Reference | – |
1–9 | 316 | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.22) | 0.87 | 7 | 1.60 (0.41 to 6.22) | 0.49 | 16 | 0.98 (0.42 to 2.31) | 0.97 | 68 | 0.95 (0.63 to 1.45) | 0.83 |
10–24 | 432 | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.21) | 0.83 | 4 | 0.72 (0.16 to 3.22) | 0.67 | 17 | 0.72 (0.31 to 1.67) | 0.44 | 80 | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.23) | 0.33 |
25–50 | 453 | 0.96 (0.81 to 1.14) | 0.65 | 7 | 1.17 (0.30 to 4.58) | 0.82 | 13 | 0.48 (0.20 to 1.17) | 0.10 | 72 | 0.64 (0.42 to 0.97) | 0.04 |
50+ | 1852 | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.23) | 0.50 | 24 | 0.92 (0.27 to 3.09) | 0.89 | 63 | 0.70 (0.33 to 1.47) | 0.34 | 249 | 0.75 (0.52 to 1.08) | 0.12 |
p Trend | 0.32 | p Trend | 0.52 | p Trend | 0.20 | p Trend | (0.03) |
Colon cancer | Leukaemia | Lung cancer | Stomach cancer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Year began working | ||||||||||||
1970+ | 34 | Reference | – | 30 | Reference | – | 79 | Reference | – | 4 | Reference | – |
1960–1969 | 54 | 0.99 (0.57 to 1.74) | 0.98 | 26 | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 176 | 0.96 (0.70 to 1.32) | 0.79 | 7 | 1.43 (0.27 to 7.46) | 0.67 |
1950–1959 | 65 | 0.85 (0.45 to 1.61) | 0.61 | 17 | 0.27 (0.11 to 0.62) | 0.002 | 296 | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) | 0.74 | 23 | 2.49 (0.47 to 13.25) | 0.29 |
1940–1949 | 55 | 0.93 (0.46 to 1.90) | 0.84 | 16 | 0.51 (0.18 to 1.41) | 0.19 | 175 | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.74) | 0.43 | 16 | 3.29 (0.53 to 20.24) | 0.20 |
<1940 | 13 | 0.83 (0.34 to 2.02) | 0.68 | 6 | 0.92 (0.27 to 3.14) | 0.90 | 36 | 1.01 (0.60 to 1.68) | 0.98 | 8 | 6.80 (0.97 to 47.84) | 0.05 |
p Trend | 0.93 | p Trend | 0.98 | p Trend | 0.88 | p Trend | (0.01) | |||||
Age began working | ||||||||||||
30+ | 40 | Reference | – | 15 | Reference | – | 118 | Reference | – | 9 | Reference | – |
25–29 | 39 | 1.02 (0.65 to 1.60) | 0.92 | 10 | 0.58 (0.25 to 1.30) | 0.18 | 102 | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.18) | 0.47 | 12 | 1.57 (0.65 to 3.75) | 0.31 |
20–24 | 90 | 0.84 (0.57 to 1.26) | 0.40 | 39 | 0.65 (0.34 to 1.24) | 0.19 | 269 | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.05) | 0.12 | 22 | 1.30 (0.58 to 2.93) | 0.52 |
<20 | 52 | 0.65 (0.41 to 1.02) | 0.06 | 31 | 0.64 (0.32 to 1.30) | 0.22 | 273 | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) | 0.64 | 15 | 1.41 (0.57 to 3.51) | 0.46 |
p Trend | 0.09 | p Trend | 0.31 | p Trend | 0.68 | p Trend | 0.59 | |||||
Total years worked | ||||||||||||
<10 | 74 | Reference | – | 31 | Reference | – | 252 | Reference | – | 16 | Reference | – |
10–19 | 75 | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.64) | 0.39 | 35 | 1.35 (0.84 to 2.19) | 0.22 | 235 | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.19) | 0.92 | 15 | 0.97 (0.47 to 1.98) | 0.93 |
20–29 | 48 | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.67) | 0.60 | 18 | 1.66 (0.91 to 3.03) | 0.10 | 185 | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.25) | 0.83 | 12 | 0.80 (0.37 to 1.75) | 0.58 |
30+ | 37 | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.74) | 0.71 | 15 | 2.06 (1.01 to 4.21) | 0.05 | 118 | 0.96 (0.75 to 1.24) | 0.75 | 15 | 1.11 (0.51 to 2.45) | 0.79 |
p Trend | 0.75 | p Trend | 0.06 | p Trend | 0.78 | p Trend | 0.75 | |||||
Years worked before 1950 | ||||||||||||
None | 77 | Reference | – | 22 | Reference | – | 285 | Reference | – | 23 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 43 | 0.97 (0.61 to 1.56) | 0.91 | 11 | 1.77 (0.70 to 4.47) | 0.23 | 156 | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | 0.48 | 16 | 1.61 (0.69 to 3.77) | 0.27 |
5+ | 42 | 1.15 (0.70 to 1.90) | 0.58 | 16 | 2.57 (0.96 to 6.88) | 0.06 | 98 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.17) | 0.36 | 13 | 1.62 (0.62 to 4.22) | 0.33 |
Ineligible | 110 | 65 | 404 | 16 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.80 | p Trend | 0.001 | p Trend | 0.07 | p Trend | 0.17 | |||||
Years worked 1950–1959 | ||||||||||||
None | 77 | Reference | – | 37 | Reference | – | 238 | Reference | – | 12 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 60 | 1.04 (0.63 to 1.69) | 0.89 | 19 | 0.34 (0.13 to 0.89) | 0.03 | 256 | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.70) | 0.14 | 18 | 1.30 (0.46 to 3.63) | 0.62 |
5+ | 87 | 0.83 (0.50 to 1.37) | 0.46 | 28 | 0.39 (0.17 to 0.91) | 0.03 | 328 | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.83) | 0.04 | 35 | 1.54 (0.56 to 4.21) | 0.40 |
Ineligible | 46 | 32 | 120 | 3 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.62 | p Trend | 0.36 | p Trend | 0.02 | p Trend | 0.20 | |||||
Years worked 1960–1969 | ||||||||||||
None | 85 | Reference | – | 40 | Reference | – | 246 | Reference | – | 12 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 46 | 0.57 (0.29 to 1.12) | 0.10 | 21 | 1.61 (0.53 to 4.85) | 0.40 | 205 | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.25) | 0.57 | 9 | 0.84 (0.27 to 2.62) | 0.77 |
5+ | 133 | 1.12 (0.66 to 1.92) | 0.67 | 47 | 1.76 (0.60 to 5.15) | 0.30 | 488 | 0.93 (0.69 to 1.25) | 0.63 | 45 | 1.34 (0.50 to 3.61) | 0.57 |
Ineligible | 5 | 5 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.32 | p Trend | 0.99 | p Trend | 0.28 | p Trend | 0.41 | |||||
Years worked 1970 or later | ||||||||||||
None | 67 | Reference | – | 18 | Reference | – | 229 | Reference | – | 18 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 29 | 1.08 (0.60 to 1.95) | 0.80 | 10 | 0.64 (0.17 to 2.47) | 0.52 | 108 | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.32) | 0.75 | 10 | 1.80 (0.70 to 4.65) | 0.22 |
5+ | 138 | 0.83 (0.51 to 1.35) | 0.45 | 71 | 1.15 (0.47 to 2.81) | 0.77 | 453 | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.14) | 0.35 | 30 | 0.90 (0.38 to 2.15) | 0.81 |
Ineligible | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.26 | p Trend | 0.29 | p Trend | 0.85 | p Trend | 0.44 | |||||
Times held patient for X-ray | ||||||||||||
None | 20 | Reference | – | 3 | Reference | – | 39 | Reference | – | 8 | Reference | – |
1–9 | 17 | 0.52 (0.27 to 0.99) | 0.05 | 9 | 1.70 (0.46 to 6.31) | 0.43 | 38 | 0.59 (0.38 to 0.93) | 0.02 | 7 | 0.54 (0.19 to 1.49) | 0.23 |
10–24 | 30 | 0.69 (0.29 to 1.22) | 0.20 | 14 | 1.94 (0.56 to 6.78) | 0.30 | 97 | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.58) | 0.65 | 10 | 0.63 (0.25 to 1.62) | 0.34 |
25–50 | 33 | 0.71 (0.41 to 1.25) | 0.23 | 11 | 1.38 (0.38 to 4.96) | 0.63 | 111 | 1.08 (0.75 to 1.56) | 0.68 | 7 | 0.44 (0.16 to 1.23) | 0.12 |
50+ | 123 | 0.69 (0.43 to 1.12) | 0.13 | 61 | 2.07 (0.64 to 6.63) | 0.22 | 476 | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.51) | 0.61 | 25 | 0.39 (0.18 to 0.89) | 0.03 |
p Trend | 0.71 | p Trend | 0.29 | p Trend | 0.02 | p Trend | (0.04) |
p Trends < 0.05 are in bold type.
All analyses used age as the timescale, were stratified by birth year, and were adjusted for pack-years of cigarette smoking, BMI, race and gender. Analyses of year began working adjusted for total years worked, and vice versa. Analyses of number of years worked in a specific time period adjusted for numbers of years worked in all other time periods. Parenthesis around p trend value indicates significantly negative slope estimate.
BMI, body mass index.