All-cause mortality | All heart diseases | Ischaemic heart disease | Cerebrovascular disease | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Year began working | ||||||||||||
1970+ | 1417 | Reference | – | 214 | Reference | – | 134 | Reference | – | 51 | Reference | – |
1960–1969 | 1987 | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) | 0.76 | 385 | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) | 0.63 | 248 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.35) | 0.78 | 74 | 0.83 (0.53 to 1.31) | 0.42 |
1950–1959 | 2591 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.06) | 0.39 | 626 | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.22) | 0.80 | 436 | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.28) | 0.82 | 115 | 0.87 (0.53 to 1.44) | 0.59 |
1940–1949 | 2286 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.11) | 0.86 | 681 | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.30) | 0.87 | 458 | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.32) | 0.89 | 161 | 1.02 (0.61 to 1.71) | 0.95 |
<1940 | 904 | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.21) | 0.42 | 310 | 1.22 (0.94 to 1.60) | 0.14 | 215 | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.82) | 0.10 | 104 | 1.40 (0.81 to 2.43) | 0.23 |
p Trend | 0.36 | p Trend | 0.11 | p Trend | (0.03) | p Trend | (0.02) | |||||
Age began working | ||||||||||||
30+ | 1630 | Reference | – | 488 | Reference | – | 313 | Reference | – | 116 | Reference | – |
25–29 | 1531 | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.21) | 0.002 | 442 | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.32) | 0.03 | 306 | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.44) | 0.01 | 97 | 1.23 (0.94 to 1.62) | 0.13 |
20–24 | 3605 | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 0.36 | 840 | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) | 0.61 | 580 | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) | 0.19 | 181 | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44) | 0.37 |
<20 | 2419 | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.46 | 446 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) | 0.26 | 292 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 0.71 | 111 | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.53) | 0.40 |
p Trend | 0.60 | p Trend | 0.51 | p Trend | 0.97 | p Trend | 0.27 | |||||
Total years worked | ||||||||||||
<10 | 3058 | Reference | – | 620 | Reference | – | 399 | Reference | – | 155 | Reference | – |
10–19 | 2884 | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 0.02 | 625 | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) | 0.04 | 417 | 1.17 (1.01 to 1.36) | 0.03 | 151 | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.36) | 0.53 |
20–29 | 1927 | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) | 0.15 | 524 | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.34) | 0.01 | 351 | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) | 0.03 | 90 | 0.85 (0.65 to 1.13) | 0.26 |
30+ | 1688 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.57 | 544 | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.25) | 0.19 | 389 | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.36) | 0.08 | 126 | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.35) | 0.83 |
p Trend | 0.51 | p Trend | 0.15 | p Trend | 0.21 | p Trend | 0.91 | |||||
Years worked before 1950 | ||||||||||||
None | 2905 | Reference | – | 782 | Reference | – | 555 | Reference | – | 144 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 1727 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.66 | 464 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.49 | 310 | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | 0.30 | 110 | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.42) | 0.66 |
5+ | 1939 | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.06) | 0.69 | 672 | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) | 0.14 | 457 | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.33) | 0.16 | 186 | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.69) | 0.08 |
Ineligible | 4603 | 784 | 493 | 153 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.89 | p Trend | 0.008 | p Trend | 0.005 | p Trend | 0.008 | |||||
Years worked 1950–1959 | ||||||||||||
None | 2827 | Reference | – | 668 | Reference | – | 441 | Reference | – | 150 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 2237 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 532 | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.04) | 0.14 | 353 | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.04) | 0.11 | 109 | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.30) | 0.74 |
5+ | 3974 | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11) | 0.51 | 1177 | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.15) | 0.93 | 826 | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.24) | 0.68 | 261 | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.55) | 0.39 |
Ineligible | 2122 | 318 | 188 | 67 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.07 | p Trend | 0.70 | p Trend | 0.91 | p Trend | 0.49 | |||||
Years worked 1960–1969 | ||||||||||||
None | 3232 | Reference | – | 733 | Reference | – | 492 | Reference | – | 190 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 2204 | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.14) | 0.41 | 453 | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.36) | 0.13 | 291 | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.24) | 0.98 | 106 | 0.76 (0.52 to 1.09) | 0.13 |
5+ | 5417 | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.24) | 0.01 | 1465 | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.40) | 0.06 | 1007 | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.37) | 0.28 | 283 | 0.84 (0.60 to 1.19) | 0.33 |
Ineligible | 264 | 28 | 12 | 5 | ||||||||
p Trend | 0.03 | p Trend | 0.04 | p Trend | 0.08 | p Trend | 0.77 | |||||
Years worked 1970 or later | ||||||||||||
None | 2712 | Reference | – | 732 | Reference | – | 490 | Reference | – | 177 | Reference | – |
1–4 | 1273 | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.07) | 0.52 | 267 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04) | 0.12 | 182 | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.15) | 0.48 | 79 | 1.34 (0.96 to 1.87) | 0.09 |
5+ | 5572 | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 1314 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) | 0.26 | 884 | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.10) | 0.36 | 266 | 0.92 (0.68 to 1.24) | 0.60 |
Ineligible | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
p Trend | (0.004) | p Trend | 0.16 | p Trend | 0.19 | p Trend | 0.35 | |||||
Times held patient for X-ray | ||||||||||||
None | 656 | Reference | – | 193 | Reference | – | 122 | Reference | – | 49 | Reference | – |
1–9 | 937 | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.33 | 239 | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.12) | 0.41 | 162 | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.27) | 0.97 | 56 | 0.86 (0.59 to 1.27) | 0.45 |
10–24 | 1166 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 0.01 | 281 | 0.83 (0.69 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 184 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.09) | 0.21 | 68 | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.21) | 0.33 |
25–50 | 1246 | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 253 | 0.72 (0.60 to 0.87) | 0.0008 | 173 | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 55 | 0.66 (0.45 to 0.97) | 0.04 |
50+ | 5201 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) | 0.31 | 1251 | 0.86 (0.74 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 855 | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.09) | 0.30 | 270 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.20) | 0.41 |
p Trend | 0.85 | p Trend | 0.12 | p Trend | 0.24 | p Trend | 0.64 |
Digestive disease (non-malignant) | Respiratory disease (non-malignant) | Infectious disease | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | N | HR (95% CI) | p Value | ||||
Year began working | ||||||||||||
1970+ | 41 | Reference | – | 61 | Reference | – | 25 | Reference | – | |||
1960–1969 | 80 | 1.53 (0.91 to 2.56) | 0.11 | 126 | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.31) | 0.60 | 14 | 0.38 (0.17 to 0.85) | 0.02 | |||
1950–1959 | 82 | 1.43 (0.76 to 2.68) | 0.26 | 239 | 0.73 (0.50 to 1.05) | 0.09 | 20 | 0.49 (0.18 to 1.28) | 0.14 | |||
1940–1949 | 56 | 1.25 (0.62 to 2.53) | 0.53 | 243 | 0.64 (0.43 to 0.93) | 0.02 | 18 | 0.56 (0.18 to 1.69) | 0.30 | |||
<1940 | 28 | 1.78 (0.81 to 3.89) | 0.15 | 103 | 0.67 (0.44 to 1.02) | 0.06 | 7 | 0.91 (0.24 to 3.45) | 0.89 | |||
p Trend | 0.76 | p Trend | 0.07 | p Trend | 0.86 | |||||||
Age began working | ||||||||||||
30+ | 39 | Reference | – | 188 | Reference | – | 18 | Reference | – | |||
25–29 | 42 | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.90) | 0.38 | 151 | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.37) | 0.38 | 15 | 0.79 (0.39 to 1.59) | 0.51 | |||
20–24 | 129 | 1.37 (0.93 to 2.01) | 0.11 | 266 | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.07) | 0.21 | 32 | 0.65 (0.35 to 1.23) | 0.19 | |||
<20 | 77 | 1.08 (0.70 to 1.67) | 0.73 | 167 | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.12) | 0.31 | 19 | 0.59 (0.28 to 1.23) | 0.16 | |||
p Trend | 0.32 | p Trend | 0.37 | p Trend | 0.54 | |||||||
Total years worked | ||||||||||||
<10 | 89 | Reference | – | 216 | Reference | – | 22 | Reference | – | |||
10–19 | 101 | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.63) | 0.23 | 225 | 1.22 (1.00 to 1.49) | 0.05 | 33 | 1.84 (1.03 to 3.28) | 0.04 | |||
20–29 | 65 | 1.28 (0.90 to 1.83) | 0.17 | 172 | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.33) | 0.52 | 15 | 1.57 (0.73 to 3.33) | 0.25 | |||
30+ | 44 | 1.06 (0.69 to 1.62) | 0.79 | 191 | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.54) | 0.07 | 16 | 1.66 (0.75 to 3.71) | 0.21 | |||
p Trend | 0.22 | p Trend | 0.42 | p Trend | 0.62 | |||||||
Years worked before 1950 | ||||||||||||
None | 90 | Reference | – | 313 | Reference | – | 24 | Reference | – | |||
1–4 | 44 | 0.83 (0.53 to 1.29) | 0.40 | 192 | 0.94 (0.76 to 1.16) | 0.55 | 14 | 1.28 (0.59 to 2.78) | 0.53 | |||
5+ | 55 | 0.96 (0.62 to 1.50) | 0.87 | 194 | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.94) | 0.01 | 14 | 1.19 (0.50 to 2.82) | 0.70 | |||
Ineligible | 180 | 220 | 46 | |||||||||
p Trend | 0.82 | p Trend | 0.24 | p Trend | 0.78 | |||||||
Years worked 1950–1959 | ||||||||||||
None | 89 | Reference | – | 228 | Reference | – | 1102 | Reference | – | |||
1–4 | 72 | 1.12 (0.68 to 1.84) | 0.65 | 197 | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.12) | 0.26 | 892 | 1.30 (0.54 to 3.15) | 0.56 | |||
5+ | 119 | 1.05 (0.65 to 1.71) | 0.84 | 439 | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) | 0.63 | 1785 | 0.85 (0.34 to 2.12) | 0.72 | |||
Ineligible | 87 | 72 | 102 | |||||||||
p Trend | 0.95 | p Trend | 0.45 | p Trend | 0.27 | |||||||
Years worked 1960–1969 | ||||||||||||
None | 95 | Reference | – | 246 | Reference | – | 31 | Reference | – | |||
1–4 | 78 | 0.99 (0.54 to 1.80) | 0.97 | 138 | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.21) | 0.47 | 18 | 1.22 (0.43 to 3.47) | 0.71 | |||
5+ | 190 | 1.55 (0.91 to 2.64) | 0.11 | 545 | 1.32 (1.01 to 1.73) | 0.04 | 43 | 1.15 (0.42 to 3.20) | 0.78 | |||
Ineligible | 8 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||
p Trend | 0.03 | p Trend | 0.14 | p Trend | 0.20 | |||||||
Years worked 1970 or later | ||||||||||||
None | 70 | Reference | – | 266 | Reference | – | 14 | Reference | – | |||
1–4 | 48 | 1.30 (0.77 to 2.19) | 0.33 | 111 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) | 0.62 | 13 | 2.66 (0.99 to 7.16) | 0.05 | |||
5+ | 181 | 0.90 (0.57 to 1.42) | 0.65 | 427 | 0.80 (0.63 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 59 | 1.69 (0.68 to 4.21) | 0.26 | |||
Ineligible | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
p Trend | 0.22 | p Trend | 0.13 | p Trend | 0.96 | |||||||
Times held patient for X-ray | ||||||||||||
None | 15 | Reference | – | 54 | Reference | – | 6 | Reference | – | |||
1–9 | 26 | 1.15 (0.61 to 2.17) | 0.68 | 81 | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.63) | 0.41 | 10 | 1.02 (0.37 to 2.80) | 0.98 | |||
10–24 | 40 | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.33) | 0.41 | 78 | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.21) | 0.37 | 8 | 0.65 (0.23 to 1.89) | 0.43 | |||
25–50 | 43 | 1.24 (0.69 to 2.24) | 0.48 | 107 | 1.10 (0.79 to 1.52) | 0.59 | 11 | 0.88 (0.32 to 2.40) | 0.80 | |||
50+ | 163 | 1.24 (0.73 to 2.13) | 0.42 | 438 | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.42) | 0.67 | 45 | 0.98 (0.42 to 2.33) | 0.97 | |||
p Trend | 0.52 | p Trend | 0.64 | p Trend | 0.81 |
p Trends < 0.05 are in bold type.
All analyses used age as the timescale, were stratified by birth year and were adjusted for pack-years of cigarette smoking, BMI, race and gender. Analyses of year began working adjusted for total years worked, and vice versa. Analyses of number of years worked in a specific time period adjusted for numbers of years worked in all other time periods. Parenthesis around p trend value indicates significantly negative slope estimate.
BMI, body mass index.