Associations of source-specific PM2.5 (fine particles, particles <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) on inflammatory markers
| Inflammatory | Lag | LRT | TRAF | BIOM | SALT | IND |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| marker | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | |
| IL-12 | 0 | 1.60 (0.00 to 3.22) | 0.73 (−12.3 to 15.46) | 3.39 (0.19 to 6.71) | −5.43 (−34.29 to 36.11) | 3.81 (−0.64 to 8.46) |
| 1 | 0.79 (−0.72 to 2.31) | 17.97 (3.19 to 34.86) | 3.46 (0.63 to 6.37) | −29.98 (−48.71 to −4.41) | 4.49 (−0.43 to 9.66) | |
| 2 | 0.26 (−1.14 to 1.68) | 4.33 (−8.91 to 19.49) | 1.24 (−1.83 to 4.42) | 26.32 (−7.11 to 71.77) | −1.16 (−7.60 to 5.72) | |
| 3 | 0.57 (−0.88 to 2.03) | 14.28 (−0.81 to 31.68) | 1.68 (−1.27 to 4.71) | 10.21 (−17.92 to 47.99) | 8.36 (0.57 to 16.75) | |
| IL-8 | 0 | 0.64 (−1.66 to 2.98) | −7.69 (−24.82 to 13.33) | −0.60 (−5.13 to 4.15) | −59.32 (−76.58 to −29.34) | −5.36 (−11.69 to 1.42) |
| 1 | 1.71 (−0.37 to 3.83) | −0.29 (−18.28 to 21.65) | 1.96 (−1.98 to 6.06) | −18.19 (−47.15 to 26.63) | −4.51 (−11.26 to 2.75) | |
| 2 | 0.88 (−1.07 to 2.87) | 6.56 (−13.00 to 30.51) | 2.57 (−1.66 to 6.97) | −11.54 (−44.93 to 42.09) | −4.88 (−13.30 to 4.37) | |
| 3 | 0.66 (−1.38 to 2.75) | 9.27 (−10.59 to 33.53) | 2.09 (−1.89 to 6.23) | −15.93 (−45.22 to 29.03) | 3.71 (−6.54 to 15.09) | |
| CRP | 0 | 0.40 (−2.32 to 3.19) | 9.23 (−12.01 to 35.61) | −1.85 (−6.92 to 3.48) | 17.09 (−36.80 to 116.91) | −1.19 (−7.86 to 5.97) |
| 1 | 3.15 (0.75 to 5.60) | 19.21 (−4.29 to 48.47) | 4.40 (−0.16 to 9.17) | −24.86 (−59.66 to 39.96) | −5.86 (−12.80 to 1.63) | |
| 2 | 2.53 (0.32 to 4.78) | 1.54 (−18.18 to 26.01) | 6.14 (1.12 to 11.41) | −14.74 (−47.69 to 38.99) | −1.98 (−11.35 to 8.37) | |
| 3 | 1.63 (−0.74 to 4.06) | 6.69 (−16.88 to 36.93) | 1.82 (−2.80 to 6.65) | −19.48 (−50.22 to 30.24) | −8.85 (−19.03 to 2.62) | |
| FB | 0 | −0.04 (−0.57 to 0.49) | 0.28 (−4.39 to 4.95) | 0.12 (−0.89 to 1.13) | 8.76 (−1.67 to 19.19) | −0.52 (−1.81 to 0.77) |
| 1 | 0.29 (−0.20 to 0.77) | −1.60 (−5.66 to 2.46) | 0.39 (−0.46 to 1.24) | −2.31 (−10.93 to 6.30) | −0.30 (−1.64 to 1.05) | |
| 2 | −0.04 (−0.51 to 0.42) | 0.92 (−2.87 to 4.72) | 0.01 (−0.93 to 0.94) | −5.98 (−14.73 to 2.77) | −1.32 (−3.01 to 0.38) | |
| 3 | −0.31 (−0.78 to 0.15) | 0.74 (−3.36 to 4.84) | −0.17 (−1.09 to 0.75) | −2.93 (−11.34 to 5.48) | −0.52 (−2.41 to 1.38) | |
| WBC | 0 | 0.11 (−0.40 to 0.62) | −1.19 (−5.08 to 2.70) | 0.14 (−0.82 to 1.09) | −1.34 (−12.34 to 9.66) | 0.08 (−1.20 to 1.37) |
| 1 | 0.16 (−0.27 to 0.58) | −1.52 (−5.46 to 2.41) | 0.02 (−0.82 to 0.85) | 4.24 (−6.94 to 15.41) | −1.17 (−2.61 to 0.27) | |
| 2 | 0.05 (−0.34 to 0.43) | 1.45 (−2.35 to 5.25) | 0.77 (−0.09 to 1.63) | −4.78 (−13.35 to 3.79) | 0.19 (−1.56 to 1.95) | |
| 3 | −0.19 (−0.60 to 0.22) | 2.97 (−1.26 to 7.20) | 0.25 (−0.55 to 1.06) | −2.21 (−10.77 to 6.34) | −0.41 (−2.41 to 1.58) | |
| MPO | 0 | 0.88 (−0.08 to 1.84) | 3.90 (−4.07 to 12.54) | 1.25 (−0.62 to 3.15) | −12.55 (−29.51 to 8.50) | 2.95 (0.45 to 5.51) |
| 1 | 1.08 (0.20 to 1.97) | 3.13 (−4.81 to 11.73) | 1.05 (−0.59 to 2.71) | −8.57 (−26.46 to 13.67) | 1.26 (−1.53 to 4.13) | |
| 2 | 0.80 (0.02 to 1.59) | 3.96 (−3.71 to 12.24) | 2.07 (0.31 to 3.86) | −6.53 (−22.35 to 12.51) | 1.36 (−2.31 to 5.16) | |
| 3 | 0.42 (−0.41 to 1.26) | 3.74 (−5.02 to 13.30) | 0.55 (−1.05 to 2.18) | −13.01 (−26.37 to 2.78) | −2.55 (−6.43 to 1.49) |
Effect estimates calculated for 1 µg/m3 increase in source-specific PM2.5.
BIOM, biomass combustion; CRP, C-reactive protein; FB, fibrinogen; IL, interleukin; IND, pulp industry; LRT, regional and long-range transport; PM2.5, particles <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; MPO, myeloperoxidase; SALT, sea salt; TRAF, traffic emissions; WBC, white blood cell count.