Age | | | | | |
Mean (SD) | 72.99 | 7.53 | 72.02 | 7.43 | <0.001 |
Sex | | | | | |
Men | 1640 | 43.5 | 953 | 44.3 | 0.581 |
Women | 2128 | 56.5 | 1200 | 55.7 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | | |
<25 | 2692 | 74.9 | 1546 | 74.9 | 0.971 |
25–29.9 | 765 | 21.3 | 436 | 21.1 | |
≥30 | 137 | 3.8 | 81 | 3.9 | |
Smoking status | | | | | |
Never | 2610 | 69.3 | 1159 | 53.8 | <0.001 |
Former | 367 | 9.7 | 361 | 16.8 | |
Current | 791 | 21.0 | 633 | 29.4 | |
Urban/rural | | | | | |
Urban | 1986 | 52.7 | 783 | 36.4 | <0.001 |
Rural | 1782 | 47.3 | 1370 | 63.6 | |
Educational level | | | | | |
College/university | 234 | 6.2 | 88 | 4.1 | <0.001 |
High secondary school | 409 | 10.9 | 141 | 6.6 | |
Secondary school | 579 | 15.4 | 259 | 12.0 | |
Primary school | 900 | 23.9 | 598 | 27.8 | |
Illiterate | 1643 | 43.6 | 1064 | 49.5 | |
Main occupation | | | | | |
Official/teacher | 683 | 18.1 | 243 | 11.3 | <0.001 |
Manual labourer | 694 | 18.4 | 340 | 15.8 | |
Business | 23 | 0.6 | 16 | 0.7 | |
Housewife | 327 | 8.7 | 153 | 7.1 | |
Other | 291 | 7.7 | 122 | 5.7 | |
Farmer | 1748 | 46.4 | 1278 | 59.4 | |
Annual income | | | | | |
Very satisfactory | 343 | 9.1 | 179 | 8.3 | 0.519 |
Satisfactory | 1617 | 43.0 | 943 | 43.9 | |
Average | 1518 | 40.4 | 849 | 39.6 | |
Poor | 281 | 7.5 | 175 | 8.2 | |
Marriage | | | | | |
Married | 2519 | 66.9 | 1622 | 75.4 | <0.001 |
Widow | 1126 | 29.9 | 476 | 22.1 | |
Divorced | 19 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.5 | |
Never married | 101 | 2.7 | 44 | 2.0 | |
Having a religious belief | | | | | |
No | 3227 | 85.8 | 1740 | 81.0 | <0.001 |
Yes with religious activity | 368 | 9.8 | 282 | 13.1 | |
Yes without religious activity | 168 | 4.5 | 125 | 5.8 | |
Current drinking | | | | | |
No | 3258 | 86.6 | 1745 | 81.0 | <0.001 |
Yes | 505 | 13.4 | 408 | 19.0 | |
Visiting children or relatives | | | | | |
Every day | 1564 | 41.6 | 945 | 44.0 | <0.001 |
1–3/week | 1287 | 34.2 | 611 | 28.4 | |
≤1/month | 908 | 24.2 | 592 | 27.6 | |
Hypertension | | | | | |
No | 1586 | 43.2 | 866 | 41.1 | 0.114 |
Yes | 2082 | 56.8 | 1241 | 58.9 | |
Diabetes | | | | | |
No | 3514 | 93.4 | 2015 | 93.8 | 0.499 |
Yes | 250 | 6.6 | 133 | 6.2 | |
Stroke | | | | | |
No | 3621 | 96.2 | 2065 | 96.3 | 0.893 |
Yes | 143 | 3.8 | 80 | 3.7 | |
Depressive syndrome (level) | | | | | |
0 | 3351 | 88.9 | 1883 | 87.5 | 0.214 |
1–2 | 214 | 5.7 | 143 | 6.6 | |
3–5 | 203 | 5.4 | 127 | 5.9 | |
Dementia syndrome (level) | | | | | |
No | 2903 | 77.0 | 1523 | 70.7 | <0.001 |
1–2 | 531 | 14.1 | 338 | 15.7 | |
3–5 | 334 | 8.9 | 292 | 13.6 | |