Table 4

Changes in average population weighted annual exposure to air pollution (NO₂ and PM₁₀, in micrograms per cubic metre) and associated impacts as YLG according to circular zone and SEP in residents within 150 m from HTRs

	Population	Mortality rates per 100 000	NO₂				PM₁₀
	Population	Mortality rates per 100 000	Pre–post difference optimistic scenario (NO₂)	Pre–post difference pessimistic scenario (NO₂)	YLG per 100 000 during 15 years optimistic scenario	YLG per 100 000 during 15 years pessimistic scenario	Pre–post difference optimistic scenario (PM₁₀)	Pre–post difference pessimistic scenario (PM₁₀)	YLG per 100 000 during 15 years optimistic scenario	YLG per 100 000 during 15 years pessimistic scenario
By circular zone
Outside main ring	98 896	924	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main ring	235 964	924	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Green strip	495 713	924	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Railway ring	225 839	924	−2.50	−1.85	3117	2300	−0.41	−0.34	506	420
Traffic limited zone	21 048	924	−3.13	−2.32	3362	2483	−0.53	−0.44	563	467
By SEP
1 (high)	218 584	854	−0.96	−0.71	1097	810	−0.16	−0.13	153	124
2	250 135	933	−0.77	−0.57	884	654	−0.13	−0.11	197	166
3	237 853	901	−0.54	−0.40	630	466	−0.09	−0.08	138	123
4	202 108	896	−0.37	−0.28	421	319	−0.07	−0.06	105	90
5 (low)	168 780	1029	−0.17	−0.12	195	138	−0.03	−0.02	56	38
Total	1 077 460	924	−0.59	−0.43	686	500	−0.10	−0.08	116	93

Baseline mortality rates standardised for age using the total Rome population of 2005. Pre–post differences of 2005 based on population-weighted average concentrations of address data of 1 077 460 subjects. We have assumed that the difference results in a reduction in hazards for the years 2005 till 2019 (15 years) based on the CRF of 1.06 per 10 μg/m³ in NO₂ or PM₁₀ when considering the entire city or the circular zone and SEP-specific CRFs when considering SEP (PM₁₀ only). These CRFs were applied for people aged ≥30 years. By SEP and NO₂: CRF=1.06. By SEP and PM₁₀: CRF of 1.05 for the highest SEP group, 1.08 for the three middle groups, and a CRF of 1.10 for the lowest group. HTR: >10 000 vehicles circulating per day.
CRF, concentration–response function; HTR, high-traffic road; SEP, socioeconomic position; YLG, years of life gained.