Table 2

Changes in average population-weighted annual exposure to air pollution (NO₂ and PM₁₀, in micrograms per cubic metre) and associated impacts as YLG according to circular zone and SEP in subjects living along HTRs

	2001		2005 without policy		Difference with/without policy 2005 optimistic scenario		Difference with/without policy 2005 pessimistic scenario		Residents 2005 along HTR	Mortality rates per 100 000 population	YLG per 100 000 during 15 years optimistic scenario		YLG per 100 000 during 15 years pessimistic scenario
	NO₂	PM₁₀	NO₂	PM₁₀	NO₂	PM₁₀	NO₂	PM₁₀	Residents 2005 along HTR	Mortality rates per 100 000 population	NO₂	PM₁₀	NO₂	PM₁₀
By circular zone
Outside main ring	12.86	3.47	9.69	2.85	0	0	0	0	19 681	924	0	0	0	0
Main ring	22.76	7.51	17.3	6.07	0	0	0	0	59 230	924	0	0	0	0
Green strip	26.76	9.85	20.6	7.69	0	0	0	0	123 401	924	0	0	0	0
Railway ring	23.49	9.07	17.84	7.01	−3.27	−0.54	−2.42	−0.45	59 181	924	4109	671	3030	559
Limited traffic zone	23.52	9.13	17.98	7.12	−4.02	−0.68	−2.97	−0.57	3029	924	5084	858	3731	693
By SEP
1 (high)	23.92	8.69	18.22	6.76	−1.21	−0.20	−0.90	−0.17	57 733	854	1387	229	1031	194
2	25.33	9.25	19.36	7.23	−1.00	−0.17	−0.74	−0.14	61 174	933	1167	198	863	163
3	24.53	8.77	18.79	6.89	−0.62	−0.10	−0.46	−0.08	63 325	901	733	118	543	95
4	23.70	8.56	18.01	6.67	−0.57	−0.10	−0.42	−0.08	45 180	896	655	115	483	91
5 (low)	22.22	7.83	16.91	6.21	−0.29	−0.05	−0.21	−0.04	37 110	1029	340	59	245	46
Total	24.12	8.70	18.4	6.81	−0.78	−0.13	−0.58	−0.11	264 522	924	921	153	685	130

Baseline mortality rates standardised for age using the total Rome population of 2005. Pre–post differences of 2005 based on population-weighted average concentrations of address data of 264 522 subjects. We have assumed that the difference results in a reduction in hazards for the years 2005 till 2019 based on the CRF of 1.06 per 10 μg/m³ in NO₂ or PM₁₀. These CRFs were applied for people aged ≥30 years. HTR: >10 000 vehicles circulating per day.
CRF, concentration–response function; HTR, high-traffic road; SEP, socioeconomic position; YLG, years of life gained.