Adjusted risks of poor work ability by number of pain sites
| No. of pain sites | Work ability outcomes | |||||||||
| No. of references | No. of cases | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | Model 4§ | |||||
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |||
| Poor physical work ability | ||||||||||
| 0 | 966 | 65 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1 | 929 | 121 | 1.9 | 1.4 to 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 1.9 |
| 2 | 529 | 119 | 2.8 | 2.1 to 3.7 | 2.5 | 1.9 to 3.3 | 2.3 | 1.8 to 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.2 |
| 3 | 199 | 89 | 4.5 | 3.4 to 5.9 | 3.6 | 2.7 to 4.8 | 2.7 | 2.0 to 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.3 |
| 4 | 60 | 60 | 6.0 | 4.6 to 7.8 | 3.9 | 2.9 to 5.3 | 3.1 | 2.3 to 4.2 | 1.9 | 1.4 to 2.6 |
| Poor mental work ability | ||||||||||
| 0 | 938 | 92 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1 | 929 | 121 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.6 |
| 2 | 558 | 90 | 1.5 | 1.2 to 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.4 |
| 3 | 229 | 59 | 2.1 | 1.6 to 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 to 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.0 to 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.6 |
| 4 | 78 | 43 | 3.4 | 2.5 to 4.7 | 2.9 | 2.1 to 3.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 to 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.3 |
| Work ability will deteriorate | ||||||||||
| 0 | 968 | 63 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1 | 944 | 106 | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.1 to 1.9 |
| 2 | 542 | 106 | 2.4 | 1.8 to 3.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 to 3.1 | 2.2 | 1.6 to 2.9 | 1.8 | 1.3 to 2.4 |
| 3 | 216 | 72 | 3.3 | 2.4 to 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.0 to 3.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 to 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 to 2.4 |
| 4 | 66 | 54 | 4.5 | 3.4 to 6.0 | 3.9 | 2.8 to 5.3 | 3.1 | 2.2 to 4.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 to 3.3 |
| Not able to continue working | ||||||||||
| 0 | 1002 | 29 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1 | 996 | 54 | 2.0 | 1.3 to 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 to 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.2 to 2.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.2 |
| 2 | 581 | 67 | 3.5 | 2.3 to 5.4 | 3.0 | 2.0 to 4.6 | 2.7 | 1.8 to 4.1 | 1.9 | 1.2 to 2.8 |
| 3 | 241 | 47 | 5.1 | 3.3 to 7.8 | 3.8 | 2.4 to 5.8 | 2.7 | 1.6 to 4.3 | 1.8 | 1.1 to 2.7 |
| 4 | 82 | 38 | 7.9 | 5.2 to 12.1 | 5.2 | 3.3 to 8.2 | 3.3 | 2.0 to 5.4 | 2.0 | 1.3 to 3.1 |
| Thought about retiring early | ||||||||||
| 0 | 892 | 138 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1 | 886 | 164 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.9 to 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.9 to 1.3 |
| 2 | 530 | 118 | 1.4 | 1.1 to 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.3 |
| 3 | 188 | 101 | 2.4 | 1.9 to 2.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 to 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 to 2.0 |
| 4 | 73 | 47 | 2.5 | 2.0 to 3.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 to 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 2.0 |
Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% CIs)
↵* Model 1: adjusted for age and gender.
↵† Model 2: Model 1+education, marital status, physical work load, body mass index and somatic disease.
↵‡ Model 3: Model 2+psychological demands of work, job control, social support, job insecurity and somatisation.
↵§ Model 4: model 3+clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal disorder, psychological well-being (General Health Questionnaire), sleep problems, self-perceived health and functional capacity.