Never exposed (n=5071) | Current exposed (n=1236) | Tertiles of accumulated exposure time† | |||
Short (n=421) | Medium (n=399) | Long (n=416) | |||
Age (years), mean (SE)‡ § | 41.0 (0.3) | 40.0 (0.4) | 35.9 (0.7) | 39.6 (0.6) | 44.4 (0.5) |
Male, n (%)‡ § | 2147 (41.6) | 993 (83.3) | 331(80.6) | 318 (84.5) | 344 (84.9) |
Ethnicity, n (%)‡ § | |||||
Non-Hispanic white | 2351 (68.7) | 635 (75.5) | 204 (71.3) | 215 (76.9) | 216 (78.3) |
Non-Hispanic black | 1100 (12.0) | 190 (7.5) | 73 (9.1) | 51 (6.1) | 66 (7.4) |
Mexican American | 1155 (8.0) | 334 (9.4) | 118 (11.1) | 102 (8.7) | 114 (8.3) |
Education, n (%)‡ § | |||||
<High school | 1208 (14.7) | 366 (19.0) | 125 (20.6) | 111 (17.3) | 130 (19.1) |
High school | 1097 (22.3) | 391 (35.7) | 111 (28.2) | 136 (37.6) | 144 (41.3) |
>High school | 2766 (63.0) | 479 (45.3) | 185 (51.2) | 152 (45.1) | 142 (39.6) |
Annual family income, n (%)‡ § | |||||
Low (<US$25 000) | 1444 (24.5) | 349 (21.8) | 151 (30.5) | 112 (20.2) | 86 (14.5) |
Medium (≥US$25 000 to <US$55 000) | 1507 (31.4) | 442 (39.3) | 149 (39.7) | 148 (39.9) | 145 (38.3) |
High (≥US$55 000) | 1704 (44.1) | 360 (38.8) | 94 (29.9) | 120 (39.8) | 146 (47.2) |
Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
Active | 1750 (39.4) | 442 (39.8) | 170 (44.0) | 139 (40.3) | 133 (35.0) |
Moderate | 1322 (28.3) | 319 (27.7) | 101 (25.8) | 109 (28.1) | 109 (29.3) |
Inactive | 1999 (32.4) | 475 (32.5) | 150 (30.2) | 151 (31.6) | 174 (35.8) |
Cigarette smoking, n (%)‡ § | |||||
Current smoker | 1087 (22.7) | 408 (35.7) | 155 (40.3) | 134 (33.9) | 119 (32.8) |
Former smoker | 1068 (21.6) | 302 (24.3) | 84 (19.5) | 91 (23.8) | 127 (29.9) |
Never smoker | 2916 (55.7) | 526 (40.0) | 182 (40.2) | 174 (42.4) | 170 (37.3) |
Pack-years, median (IQR)‡ § ¶ | 8.9 (2.5–23.8) | 11.9 (3.9–24.8) | 10.6 (3.5–21.8) | 11.8 (3.9–24.7) | 13.1 (4.9–27.4) |
Passive smoking, n (%)‡ § | 1444 (28.9) | 627 (53.4) | 230 (56.3) | 198 (51.0) | 199 (52.8) |
Alcohol drinking, n (%)‡ § | 3322 (74.3) | 948 (84.7) | 326 (86.1) | 310 (84.2) | 312 (83.8) |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SE)§ | 27.9 (0.1) | 28.1 (0.2) | 27.7 (0.3) | 27.9 (0.3) | 28.8 (0.3) |
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SE)‡ § | 94.3 (0.3) | 97.9 (0.5) | 96.7 (0.8) | 97.1 (0.8) | 99.8 (0.7) |
Pulse rate (bpm), mean (SE)‡ § | 72.5 (0.3) | 70.1 (0.5) | 71.3 (0.7) | 69.6 (0.8) | 69.5 (0.7) |
SBP (mm Hg), mean (SE)‡ § | 119.5 (0.4) | 121.3 (0.5) | 120.0 (0.9) | 121.0 (1.0) | 123.0 (0.8) |
DBP (mm Hg), mean (SE)‡ § | 72.6 (0.3) | 74.2 (0.4) | 72.5 (0.6) | 74.3 (0.8) | 76.0 (0.6) |
Hearing loss, n (%)‡ § | 783 (16.1) | 349 (31.6) | 93 (25.5) | 108 (31.2) | 148 (38.1) |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SE, standard error.
↵* Sample size is unweighted, percentage in parentheses is weighted to account for multistage probability sampling design.
↵† Tertiles of accumulated exposure time: short 0–0.3 years, medium 0.4–1.5 years, long 1.6–18.8 years.
↵‡ p<0.05 for the comparison between the current exposed group and the never exposed group.
↵§ p<0.05 for the comparison between tertile groups and the never exposed group.
↵¶ Median (interquartile range) for current and former cigarette smokers.