Number of cases and adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for an increase in pollution from the 10th to the 90th centile, by congenital anomaly subgroup, by pollutant
| No. of cases | SO2 | NO2 | PM10 | |
| Neural tube defects | 1041 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.31) | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.34) |
| Hydrocephaly | 341 | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.52) | 1.28 (0.73 to 2.23) | 1.09 (0.55 to 2.18) |
| Cardiac defects | 1948 | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.19) | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.17) |
| Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | 586 | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.15) | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) | 0.78 (0.45 to 1.35) |
| Cleft palate | 302 | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.35) | 0.84 (0.51 to 1.38) | 0.77 (0.42 to 1.40) |
| Digestive system atresias | 465 | 1.00 (0.84 to 1.20) | 0.91 (0.62 to 1.35) | 0.99 (0.61 to 1.58) |
| Bilateral renal agenesis | 92 | 0.92 (0.60 to 1.42) | 1.09 (0.45 to 2.65) | 0.85 (0.29 to 2.47) |
| Cystic kidney disease | 391 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.22) | 0.94 (0.60 to 1.46) | 0.94 (0.55 to 1.62) |
| Limb reduction | 295 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 1.40 (0.83 to 2.36) | 1.27 (0.68 to 2.38) |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 203 | 1.07 (0.83 to 1.38) | 1.06 (0.60 to 1.89) | 1.30 (0.63 to 2.70) |
| Omphalocele | 183 | 1.08 (0.80 to 1.45) | 1.65 (0.84 to 3.22) | 2.17 (1.00 to 4.71) |
| Gastroschisis | 222 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.33) | 1.20 (0.69 to 2.11) | 1.26 (0.61 to 2.58) |
| Multiple anomalies | 689 | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.29) | 1.30 (0.93 to 1.83) | 1.42 (0.92 to 2.21) |
| Down syndrome | 1486 | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.34) | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.44) |