| Landfill exposure index | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Median (range) | 0 (0) | 0.10 (0.01–0.29) | 0.57 (0.30–0.95) | 1.75 (0.96–12.24) |
| Squares, n | 1751 | 1229 | 1251 | 1206 |
| Births, n | 966 513 | 1 775 254 | 2 766 978 | 4 620 542 |
| All anomalies | ||||
| Rate | 1260.4 | 1322.2 | 1335.3 | 1389.9 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.03) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) |
| Hypospadias and epispadias | ||||
| Rate | 118.3 | 113.8 | 113.7 | 129.1 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.16) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.01) | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) |
| Neural tube defects | ||||
| Rate | 48.5 | 52.5 | 53.8 | 58.8 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.21) | 1.11 (1.00 to 1.23) | 1.21 (1.10 to 1.34) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.22) | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.19) | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.18) |
| Cardiovascular defects | ||||
| Rate | 77.7 | 84.7 | 83.9 | 87.3 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.19) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | 1.12 (1.04 to 1.22) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.07) |
| Abdominal wall defects | ||||
| Rate | 20.4 | 21.5 | 23.7 | 25.0 |
| Unadjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.25) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.37) | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.43) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.3) | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.37) | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) |
*Adjusted in the Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model for deprivation, the presence or absence of a local registry and maternal age.
Values for non-special or unknown waste sites operational at some time between 1982 and 1997.