Table 5 Odds ratios (ORs) for sino-nasal epithelial cancer (SNEC) by intensity of exposure to occupational hazards, adjusted for co-exposures
Categorical intensity levels* (only low or ever medium–high)
LevelOR (95% CI)
All SNEC
Wood dustLow3.2 (1.36 to 7.44)
High30.6 (11.93 to 78.30)
Leather dustLow17.6 (1.84 to 168.5)
High11.9 (1.12 to 127.1)
Solvent vapoursLow2.3 (1.15 to 4.46)
High2.1 (0.65 to 6.67)
Welding fumesLow3.3 (1.47 to 7.26)
High1.6 (0.34 to 7.75)
Arsenic†Ever exposed4.1 (1.21 to 13.76)
Adenocarcinoma
Wood dustLow16.6 (5.10 to 54.04)
High179.9 (55.37 to 584.4)
Leather dustLow52.4 (3.71 to 740.2)
High68.8 (5.60 to 844.7)
Solvent vapoursLow4.5 (1.54 to 12.90)
High3.8 (0.67 to 21.58)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Welding fumesLow3.5 (1.31 to 9.60)
High4.3 (1.01 to 18.10)
Arsenic†Ever exposed4.3 (1.01 to 18.10)
Other histotypes
Wood dustLow2.1 (0.42 to 10.50)
High16.0 (3.93 to 65.24)
Solvent vapoursLow4.8 (1.72 to 13.39)
High2.9 (0.33 to 24.73)
Acid mistsLow5.6 (1.25 to 25.11)
High17.1 (1.42 to 206.7)
  • *Based on years of exposure weighted only by probability.

  • †Could not be categorised by intensity.