No | Reference, country | Population | Follow-up, cancer cases | Type of exposure | Cancer outcomes | ERR per dose, βldrmd (Gy)−1, best estimate and 90% CI |
1 | Boice 2006, USA18 | Workers at Rocketdyne | −1999, 3066 | External and internal | All cancer excluding leukaemia | 0.0 (−1.9 to 2.4)* |
2 | Cardis 2007, 14 countries†16 | Radiation workers in nuclear industry | Variable, 6119 | External | All cancer excluding leukaemia | 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.4) |
3 | Ivanov 2001, Russia‡21 | Chernobyl clean-up workers | 1991–1998, 515 | External | Neoplasms ICD-9 140–239 | 2.1 (1.3 to 2.9)* |
4 | Ivanov 2006, Russia4 | Chernobyl clean-up workers | 1992–2002, 651 | External | Solid cancer | 1.5 (0.2 to 2.9)* |
5 | Krestinina 2005, Russia24 | Techa River residents | −1999, 1842 | External and internal | Solid cancer except bone cancer | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.7)* |
6 | Muirhead 2009, UK6 | Radiation workers | −2001, 6959 | External | Malignant neoplasms excluding leukaemia | 0.3 (0.02 to 0.6) |
7 | Stayner 2007, USA5 | ORNL workers | −1984, 225 | External | All cancer excluding leukaemia | 4.8 (0.4 to 13.3)§ |
8 | Telle-Lamberton 2007, France¶19 | French nuclear workers | 1968–1994, 721 | External | All cancer excluding leukaemia | 1.5 (−0.5 to 4.0) |
9 | Wing 2005, USA20 | Hanford workers | −1994, 2265 | External and internal | All cancer | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.0) |
ERR, excess relative risk; ORNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
*95% confidence interval.
†Canadian data excluded from 15-countries study.
‡Summarised by Ivanov et al25 in 2007, and therefore included in our analysis.
§After correction for dose uncertainties. The result without this correction is 5.4 (0.5 to 12.6) Gy−1.
¶Results for “all cancer excluding leukaemia” were supplied by personal communication with Telle-Lamberton (2008).