Details of homes compared by rural and urban location and air sampling results
| Characteristic of household | Urban (n = 31) (%) | Rural (n = 31) (%) | p Value |
| Female, n (%) | 21 (67.7) | 26 (83.9) | <0.001 |
| Age (SD) | 36.3 (11.1) | 43.4 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Main type of cooking material: | |||
| Wood | 6 (21) | 31 (100) | |
| Charcoal | 21 (66) | – | <0.001 |
| Wood and charcoal | 2 (6) | – | |
| Electricity | 3 (9) | – | |
| Main type of lighting: | |||
| Simple kerosene lamp, candle and/or flaming torch | 19 (61.3) | 27 (86.5) | <0.001 |
| Hurricane lamp alone | 3 (9.7) | 3 (9.7) | NS |
| Electricity | 9 (29.0) | 1 (3.2) | <0.01 |
| Main cooking location in dry season: | |||
| Inside | 16 (51.7) | 2 (6.4) | |
| Separate building | 2 (6.5) | 9 (29.0) | <0.01 |
| Outside | 12 (38.7) | 18 (58.1) | |
| Inside and outside | 1 (3.2) | 1 (3.2) | |
| Separate building and outside | 0 | 1 (3.2) | |
| Main cooking location in wet season: | |||
| Inside | 23 (74.2) | 7 (22.6) | |
| Separate building | 2 (6.5) | 12 (38.7) | <0.01 |
| Inside and outside | 6 (19.3) | 12 (38.7) | |
| Do they heat the home? | 16 (51.5) | 15 (48.0) | NS |
| Mean (SD) no of rooms | 4.29 (1.4) | 4.27 (2.4) | NS |
| Mean (SD) no of residents | 5.03 (1.8) | 4.35 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) no of rooms/residents | 0.93 (0.3) | 0.99 (0.5) | NS |
| Mean (SD) sum of household assets | 2.29 (1.5) | 1.48 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Number of homes keeping animals | 16 (52.0) | 27 (87.0) | <0.001 |
| Roof material | |||
| Grass | 1 (3.2) | 21 (67.7) | |
| Corrugated material | 29 (93.5) | 10 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Tiled | 1 (3.2) | 0 | |
| Type of window | |||
| Glass | 7 (22.6) | 26 (83.9) | <0.001 |
| Space only | 24 (77.4) | 5 (16.1) | |
| Total no of air sampling devices used (hours used) | |||
| Gravimetric (apex) | |||
| Total inhalable dust | 5 (102) | 6 (115) | |
| Respirable dust | 15 (317) | 14 (290) | NS* |
| Carbon monoxide | 30 (671) | 28 (569) | <0.001* |
| SidePak | 13 (204) | 13 (167) | NS* |
| UCB | 24 (533) | 23 (466) | 0.001* |
| Mean (SD) time-weighted average values for each device† | |||
| Gravimetric (mg/m3) | |||
| Total inhalable dust | 0.185 (0.197) | 0.268 (0.214) | 0.285 |
| Respirable dust | 0.204 (0.690) | 0.811 (0.541) | 0.04 |
| Carbon monoxide (ppm) | 63.50 (69.86) | 16.31 (22.77) | <0.001 |
| SidePak (mg/m3) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.27) | 0.343 |
| UCB (mg/m3) | 0.15 (0.36) | 0.25 (0.40) | 0.191 |
Details of homes compared by rural and urban location. Data are from questionnaire and visiting homes and are based on the individual who answered the questionnaire.
*Probability values refer to mean cooking times not total hours of devices were used (see online supplementary table 2).
†All air pollution indices are presented in online supplementary table 2.
UCB, University of California, Berkeley monitor.