Table 4 Association of standardised leadership scale items with incident IHD among employees with a minimum 4-year exposure
ItemsParticipants, n (events, n)Age-adjusted hazard ratio for IHD per 1 SD increase in leadership score (95% CI)
1. My boss gives me the information I need1463 (44)0.65 (0.50 to 0.83)
2. My boss is good at pushing through and carrying out changes1441 (44)0.61 (0.45 to 0.81)
3. My boss explains goals and subgoals for our work so that I understand what they mean for my particular part of the task1453 (44)0.61 (0.46 to 0.79)
4. I have a clear picture of what my boss expects of me1454 (44)0.77 (0.59 to 1.01)
5. My boss shows that he/she cares how things are for me and how I feel1455 (44)0.71 (0.54 to 0.93)
6. I have sufficient power in relation to my responsibilities1442 (44)0.64 (0.48 to 0.84)
7. My boss takes the time to become involved in his/her employees’ professional development1447 (44)0.69 (0.51 to 0.92)
8. My boss encourages my participation in the scheduling of my work1446 (44)0.84 (0.63 to 1.12)
9. I am praised by my boss if I have done something good1452 (44)0.55 to 0.97)
10. I am criticised by my boss if I have done something that is not good1452 (44)1.03 (0.77 to 1.38)
  • Response format: 1: “No, never”; 2: “No, seldom”; 3: “Yes, sometimes”; 4: “Yes, often”. Internal consistency (Cronbach α) = 0.86. IHD, ischaemic heart disease.