Association between annoyance with noise from wind turbines (dependent variable “not annoyed” (n = 723) or “annoyed” (n = 31)) and variables hypothesised to influence annoyance, expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals
| Sound pressure level (dB(A)) | Other variables hypothesised to influence perception | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | Variable of interest (ref; tested category)* | OR (95% CI) |
| *Variables were entered one by one into a binary logistic regression, always keeping sound pressure level (SPL) in the regression as the main factor of importance for perception. | ||
| †Only items that were positively or negatively associated with noise annoyance are shown. | ||
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | ||
| Demographic and socioeconomic factors | ||
| 1.1 (1.03 to 1.27) | Age (years; + 1 year) | 1.0 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| 1.1 (1.02 to 1.26) | Sex (male; female) | 0.9 (0.50 to 1.64) |
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | Employment (employed; not employed) | 1.3 (0.61 to 2.60) |
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | Housing (apartment; detached house) | 2.5 (0.75 to 8.40) |
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | Length of time in current dwelling (years, + 1 year) | 1.0 (1.00 to 1.05) |
| Area-related factors | ||
| 1.1 (1.02 to 1.26) | Terrain (complex; flat) | 0.8 (0.39 to 1.76) |
| 1.1 (0.99 to 1.21) | Urbanisation (suburban; rural) | 3.8 (1.80 to 7.83) |
| 1.1 (0.98 to 1.23) | Terrain and urbanisation | |
| Suburban and flat ground (n = 222) | 1.0 | |
| Suburban and complex ground (n = 347) | 2.1 (0.63 to 7.28) | |
| Rural and flat ground (n = 157) | 5.2 (1.62 to 16.65) | |
| Rural and complex ground (n = 28) | 10.1 (2.46 to 41.61) | |
| 1.1 (0.91 to 1.21) | Subjective background noise (not quiet; quiet) | 3.6 (1.21 to 10.67) |
| Noise sensitivity and attitude to source | ||
| 1.1 (1.02 to 1.26) | Noise sensitivity (not sensitive; sensitive) | 2.5 (1.14 to 5.63) |
| 1.1 (1.00 to 1.25) | Attitude to wind turbines in general (not negative; negative) | 13.4 (6.03 to 29.59) |
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | Attitude to the visual impact of the wind turbine on the landscape (not negative; negative) | 14.4 (6.37 to 32.44) |
| Valuation of the current living environment† | ||
| 1.1 (1.01 to 1.25) | “I live in a place where I can restore myself and gain strength” (disagree; agree) | 0.3 (0.13 to 0.74) |
| 1.1 (1.02 to 1.25) | “I have renovated my dwelling” (no; yes) | 2.6 (1.03 to 6.33) |
| Visual factors | ||
| 1.0 (0.88 to 1.16) | Vertical visual angle (degrees; + 1 degree) | 1.2 (1.03 to 1.42) |
| 1.1 (0.97 to 1.21) | Visibility (no; yes) | 10.9 (1.46 to 81.92) |