Marker | Smoking status | Service staff | Kitchen staff |
MDA | Smoker (n = 134) | 293.3 (213.7) (n = 56) | 398.0 (380.0) (n = 78)* |
Non-smoker (n = 154) | 244.2 (164.4) (n = 61) | 344.2 (243.7) (n = 93)† | |
All (n = 288) | 267.2 (189.9) (n = 117) | 369.0 (314.0) (n = 171)‡ | |
1-OHP | Smoker (n = 134) | 6.9 (8.8) (n = 56) | 6.5 (8.4) (n = 78) |
Non-smoker (n = 154) | 2.4 (4.3) (n = 61)* | 6.0 (8.0) (n = 93)† | |
All (n = 288) | 4.4 (7.0) (n = 117)* | 6.2 (8.2) (n = 171)* |
*Kitchen staff differ significantly from service staff at p<0.05 by Student’s t test; †kitchen staff differ significantly from service staff at p<0.01 by Student’s t test; ‡kitchen staff differ significantly from service staff at p<0.001 by Student’s t test.
Values are mean (SD) (μmol/mol creatinine). 1-OHP, 1-hydroxypyrene; MDA, malondialdehyde.