Risk factors for low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days after one year of follow up (LBP at t1) in univariate analyses
| Variable at baseline | n | LBP at t1 | RR | 95% CI | p Value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | ||||||
| RR, relative risk; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. | |||||||
| *Calculated with χ2 tests. | |||||||
| Physical work factors | |||||||
| Working with the trunk in bent and twisted position | No | 446 | 49 | 11.0 | 1.00 | 0.041 | |
| ⩽2 hours/day | 181 | 25 | 13.8 | 1.26 | (0.80–1.97) | ||
| >2 hours/day | 75 | 16 | 21.3 | 1.94 | (1.17–3.23) | ||
| Ability to change posture regularly | Yes | 616 | 66 | 10.7 | 1.00 | <0.001 | |
| No | 90 | 24 | 26.7 | 2.49 | (1.65–3.76) | ||
| Individual variables | |||||||
| Perceived general health | Very good | 339 | 30 | 8.8 | 1.00 | 0.014 | |
| Fairly good | 349 | 54 | 15.5 | 1.75 | (1.15–2.66) | ||
| Moderate | 24 | 5 | 20.8 | 2.35 | (1.01–5.53) | ||
| Back complaints in the year before inclusion | No | 370 | 35 | 9.5 | 1.00 | 0.008 | |
| Yes | 343 | 55 | 16.0 | 1.70 | (1.14–2.53) | ||
| Upper limb complaints in the year before inclusion | No | 581 | 65 | 11.2 | 1.00 | 0.015 | |
| Yes | 132 | 25 | 18.9 | 1.69 | (1.11–2.58) | ||
| Pain related fear | Low | 237 | 26 | 11.0 | 1.00 | 0.048 | |
| Medium | 238 | 24 | 10.1 | 0.92 | (0.54–1.55) | ||
| High | 235 | 40 | 17.0 | 1.55 | (0.98–2.46) | ||