Incidence rate ratios for prostate cancer (n = 1376) according to cumulative exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil in age adjusted and multivariate analysis: the Netherlands Cohort Study 1986–95
| Exposure | Cases (n) | Person-years (subcohort) | RR (95% CI)* | Cases (n) | Person-years (subcohort) | RR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Incidence rate ratio adjusted for age with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. | ||||||
| †Incidence rate ratio adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer, vegetable, fruit, and meat consumption, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. | ||||||
| ‡Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | ||||||
| Pesticides | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1285 | 17996 | 1.00 (reference) | 1196 | 17129 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 29 | 572 | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.28) | 26 | 526 | 0.85 (0.53 to 1.36) |
| 2 tertile | 30 | 620 | 0.66 (0.42 to 1.04) | 29 | 588 | 0.72 (0.45 to 1.14) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 32 | 635 | 0.64 (0.41 to 0.99) | 27 | 570 | 0.60 (0.37 to 0.95) |
| p trend | 0.006 | 0.008 | ||||
| PAH‡ | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1305 | 18524 | 1.00 (reference) | 1213 | 17586 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 25 | 448 | 1.02 (0.62 to 1.69) | 23 | 428 | 1.01 (0.6070 to 1.71) |
| 2 tertile | 26 | 452 | 0.91 (0.55 to 1.49) | 23 | 442 | 0.76 (0.44 to 1.32) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 20 | 421 | 0.74 (0.43 to 1.28) | 19 | 387 | 0.75 (0.42 to 1.31) |
| p trend | 0.303 | 0.179 | ||||
| Diesel exhaust | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1065 | 14757 | 1.00 (reference) | 991 | 14011 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 102 | 1738 | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.14) | 93 | 1663 | 0.85 (0.64 to 1.11) |
| 2 tertile | 98 | 1582 | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.21) | 90 | 1489 | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.20) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 102 | 1659 | 0.82 (0.63 to 1.06) | 95 | 1582 | 0.81 (0.62 to 1.06) |
| p trend | 0.101 | 0.067 | ||||
| Metal dust | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1168 | 16443 | 1.00 (reference) | 1082 | 15555 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 66 | 1161 | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.24) | 64 | 1133 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.22) |
| 2 tertile | 70 | 1095 | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.38) | 64 | 1045 | 0.97 (0.0.70 to 1.36) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 65 | 1081 | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.35) | 64 | 1062 | 1.01 (0.72 to 1.40) |
| p trend | 0.837 | 0.789 | ||||
| Metal fumes | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1182 | 16659 | 1.00 (reference) | 1096 | 15777 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 63 | 1124 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.21) | 60 | 1083 | 0.84 (0.60 to 1.17) |
| 2 tertile | 55 | 970 | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.29) | 50 | 935 | 0.87 (0.60 to 1.25) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 69 | 1046 | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.47) | 68 | 1018 | 1.11 (0.80 to 1.54) |
| p trend | 0.912 | 0.894 | ||||
| Mineral oil | ||||||
| 0 (no exposure) | 1242 | 17699 | 1.00 (reference) | 1151 | 16791 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 tertile (low) | 45 | 729 | 1.02 (0.70 to 1.51) | 42 | 686 | 1.01 (0.68 to 1.50) |
| 2 tertile | 43 | 723 | 1.02 (0.69 to 1.50) | 42 | 711 | 1.01 (0.68 to 1.51) |
| 3 tertile (high) | 44 | 700 | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.47) | 42 | 663 | 0.99 (0.66 to 1.48) |
| p trend | 0.984 | 0.972 | ||||