Associated* | ||
---|---|---|
Difference† | Binary‡ | |
*The following variables were not associated with either the difference or the ratio: age; calcium consumed during the pregnancy; calcium intake from milk; milk intake as a child; physical exertion at home or work; infant weight, length, or head circumference; parity; use of nausea medications; complications of labour and delivery; gestational age at birth; paternal exposure to lead; time between blood draw and birth. | ||
†Variables associated with difference between maternal and cord PbB at p = 0.20 or showing a difference >0.1. pos indicates association with a higher lead level of cord blood, relative to maternal; neg indicates association with lower lead level of cord blood; 0 indicates no association. | ||
‡Variables associated with binary outcome at p = 0.20 or OR >2. pos indicates increased odds of higher lead level of cord blood, relative to maternal; neg indicates association with lower lead level of cord blood; 0 indicates no association. | ||
Demographic | ||
Black race | neg | 0 |
Highest income category | 0 | neg |
Separated marital status | pos | pos |
Educational disadvantage | 0 | neg |
Lifestyle | ||
Alcohol | pos | pos |
Coffee/tea drinks per month | 0 | neg |
Passive smoking | pos | 0 |
Milk while adolescent | neg | 0 |
Medical/obstetric | ||
5 minute Apgar score | pos | 0 |
Baby to intensive care unit | neg | 0 |
Number of abortions | pos | 0 |
Number of miscarriages | neg | 0 |
Chlamydia | pos | 0 |
Trichomonas | neg | 0 |
Sexually transmitted disease | pos | 0 |
Genitourinary infection | neg | neg |
Cold medicines | neg | 0 |
Augmented labour | neg | neg |
Systolic blood pressure | pos | pos |
Diastolic blood pressure | 0 | pos |
Weight gain | pos | 0 |
BMI | 0 | pos |
Haemoglobin | neg | neg |
Factors affecting blood lead measurement | ||
Blood specimen measured later | pos | pos |