Table 2

Statistically significant exposure determinants (p<0.10) of inhalable dust and dermal CSM exposure among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry

Inhalable dust (n = 613; k = 226)							Dermal CSM (n = 647; k = 226)
Determinant	n*	β†		SE‡		p§	Determinant	n		β	SE	p
*Number of times determinant was present.
†Regression coefficient estimate.
‡Standard error of estimate.
§p value.
¶Compared to the true underlying mean exposure (intercept).
**Total variance from model with only random effects.
††Variance from model with fixed and random effects.
‡‡% of variance explained by fixed effects.
§§Estimated variance of the distribution of logarithmic means of individual exposures (between-worker).
¶¶Estimated variance of the distribution of logarithmic means of exposure from day to day for an individual (within-worker).
Intercept		−0.51		0.05		<0.0001	Intercept			3.56	0.07	<0.0001

Determinants related to relative higher exposure¶							Determinants related to relative higher exposure
Weighing	16	0.48	0.24		0.0490		Weighing	18		0.63	0.31	0.0396
Batch off	12	1.16	0.43		0.0073		Pouring chemicals	12		0.96	0.36	0.0078
Extrusion of powdered rubber	6	1.20	0.27		<0.0001		Cementing with brush	18		0.84	0.31	0.0065
Jointing powdered products	14	2.24	0.39		<0.0001		Jointing powered products	14		0.83	0.37	0.0268
Autoclave powdered rubber	6	1.06	0.40		0.0091		Autoclave	20		0.89	0.38	0.0205
Tube inspection	6	1.42	0.44		0.0013		UHF curing	5		1.84	0.55	0.0008
Packing powdered products	5	1.01	0.40		0.0124		Tyre press	26		1.95	0.51	0.0001
Packing	36	0.39	0.17		0.0179		Welding	13		0.71	0.37	0.0561
Bench fitting	20	1.33	0.26		<0.0001		Breakdown work	38		0.81	0.24	0.0006

Determinants related to relative lower exposure							Determinants related to relative lower exposure
Batch off with LEV	7	−0.85	0.51		0.0942		Remixing	12	−0.68		0.38	0.0724
Calendering	24	−0.43	0.18		0.0181		Manual assembling	11	−0.51		0.29	0.0733
Jointing	36	−0.41	0.24		0.0905		Assembling machine	23	−0.87		0.37	0.0208
Laboratory	9	−0.93	0.41		0.0231		Punching	12	−0.86		0.42	0.0390
Welding	13	−1.09	0.32		0.0007		Cement spraying with gloves	18	−0.90		0.39	0.0196
							Tyre press with gloves	19	−1.83		0.58	0.0017
							Autoclave with gloves	11	−0.89		0.50	0.0759
							Inspection	47	−0.42		0.20	0.0409
Supervision	62	−0.38	0.13		0.0030		Supervision	64	−0.39		0.17	0.0204

Variance		Total**	Model††		%‡‡		Variance		Total		Model	%
_bwS_y²§§		0.60	0.38		37		_bwS_y²		0.64		0.38	41
_wwS_y²¶¶		0.38	0.34		11		_wwS_y²		0.85		0.85	0