Demographic/anthopometric
| | | |
Age (years) | 64.9±8.4 | 51.1±7.9* | 41.3±9.5** |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3±4.1 | 26.3±4.2 | 25.7±3.9 |
| | | |
Occupational exposure
| | | |
Latency (years) | 43.7±7.0 | 25.9±3.6* | 15.9±5.8** |
Exposure (years) | 12.9±10.7 | 10.1±7.2* | 7.5±3.2** |
Cumulative exposure (fibre/y/cc) | 109.1±141.9 | 39.4±50.4* | 4.3±5.9** |
| | | |
Clinical findings
| | | |
Current or past smoking (%) | 75.6 | 63.7 | 49.6 |
Smoking (pack-years) | 33.1±56.5 | 14.5±22.4* | 8.4±17.0** |
Symptom prevalence | | | |
Dyspnoea (%) | 17.8 | 30.3 | 15.3† |
Wheezing (%) | 7.8 | 15.9 | 6.9† |
Cough (%) | 16.1 | 22.4 | 10.8† |
Phlegm (%) | 10.6 | 14.1 | 7.5† |
| | | |
Radiographic abnormalities
| | | |
Parenchymal (1/0 or greater, %) | 9.5 | 2.7 | 0.8† |
1/0 (%) | 5.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
1/1 (%) | 3.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
1/2 or greater (%) | 0.6 | 0.7 | – |
Pleural (%) | 16.1 | 4.0 | 1.7† |
Pleural and/or parenchymal (%) | 22.2 | 6.0 | 2.5† |
| | | |
Lung function abnormalities
| | | |
FVC (% pred) | 94.4±17.3 | 102.5±17.41* | 106.0±14.9** |
FEV1 (% pred) | 91.0±20.0 | 97.2±18.2* | 100.7±15.7** |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 70.1±7.1 | 72.2±7.3* | 74.2±7.1** |
FEF25–75% (% pred) | 77.2±39.3 | 85.8±39.1* | 83.0±38.8 |
Abnormal spirometry (%) | 29.8 | 24.5 | 20.0 |
Obstructive (%) | 82.3 | 80.1 | 88.8 |
Restrictive (%) | 11.7 | 18.6 | 9.9 |
Combined (%) | 7.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 |