Table 1

 List of ICD10 codes used to classify cases learning difficulties in the cohort and conditions which excluded individuals from the analysis

ICD10 codes used to classify cases of learning difficulties
F80, F80.0, F80.1, F80.9Specific developmental disorders of speech and language, specific speech articulation disorder, expressive language disorder, and developmental disorder of speech and language unspecified
F81, F81.0, F81.1, F81.2, F81.3, F81.8, F81.9Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, specific reading disorder, specific spelling disorder, specific disorder of arithmetical skills, mixed disorder of scholastic skills, other developmental disorders of scholastic skills, and developmental disorder of scholastic skills, unspecified
F82, F83Specific developmental disorder of motor function and mixed specific developmental disorders
R48, R48.0Dyslexia and other symbolic dysfunctions, not elsewhere classified and dyslexia and alexia
ICD10 codes for conditions which excluded individuals from the analysis
F70–F79, F99, F89.0–89.9Mental retardation
C71, C72.8, C72.9 D33, S09, V89Brain tumour, if diagnosed under the age of 16 (astrocytoma, benign brain tumours, etc) and accidental brain damage
E70Phenylketonuria
F84, F07.3, F90, F90.9, F99Behavioural disorders, including autism and hyperkinetic disorders
G00–G03, A87, A39.9, A86.0, G04.8, G04.9Meningitis, meningococcal infection, unspecified viral encephalitis and encephalitis
G40, G41Epilepsy
G80, G81.1, G93.7Cerebral palsy and possibly spastic diplegia, flaccid hemiplegia, Reye’s syndrome
H54Blindness
H90, H91 H65, H66.9, H70, H71, H72, H74, H93, Q16.1Deafness and hearing disorders, including glue ear (chronic otitis media) and congenital malformation of ear affecting hearing
P10, P11.1, P11.2, Q04, Q06.2, Q06.9, Q07.0, Q07.8Brain haemorrhage, brain damage (perinatal) and congenital malformations affecting the brain and nervous system
P21, P02.5Birth asphyxia and anoxia
Q02, Q03, Q05, Q75.3, Q87.0, Q87.1, Q90–Q99Microcephaly, hydrocephaly, spina bifida, macrocephaly, Pierre-Robin syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, chromosomal syndromes (e.g. Turner, Down’s, Klinefelter’s)