Findings on physical examination and laboratory tests of working children and their comparison group
| Working children | Comparison group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | n (%) | Total | n (%) | Age adjusted* OR (95% CI) or β (SE) | Fully adjusted* OR (95% CI) or β (SE) | |
| OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error. | ||||||
| *OR (logistic regression) and β coefficient (linear regression) adjusted for age, or adjusted for age, years at school, education of father, education of mother, and occupation of father. | ||||||
| †Mean (standard deviation). | ||||||
| Physical examination | ||||||
| Any skin problems | 78 | 57 (73.1) | 60 | 19 (31.7) | 7.50 (3.32 to 16.96) | 5.90 (2.15 to 16.22) |
| Any nail problems | 78 | 47 (60.3) | 60 | 9 (15.0) | 8.79 (3.68 to 21.00) | 6.83 (2.45 to 19.04) |
| Any eye problems | 78 | 39 (50.0) | 60 | 17 (28.3) | 2.20 (1.05 to 4.59) | 1.73 (0.68 to 4.40) |
| Any nose/nasal problems | 78 | 9 (11.5) | 60 | 1 (1.7) | 6.62 (0.80 to 54.70) | 1.02 (0.07 to 15.17) |
| Any musculoskeletal problems | 78 | 5 (6.4) | 60 | 2 (3.3) | 1.44 (0.26 to 8.04) | 0.44 (0.04 to 4.68) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)† | 66 | 113.3 (13.6) | 53 | 108.3 (11.2) | β: 2.67 (2.23), p = 0.23 | β: 2.18 (2.65), p = 0.41 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)† | 66 | 68.9 (8.2) | 53 | 66.1 (9.3) | β: 1.24 (1.55), p = 0.43 | β: 3.43 (2.00), p = 0.09 |
| Height (cm)† | 78 | 157.5 (12.3) | 54 | 155.3 (14.2) | β: −2.16 (1.55), p = 0.17 | β: −0.06 (1.98), p = 0.98 |
| Weight (kg)† | 78 | 50.1 (14.3) | 60 | 46.9 (14.0) | β: −1.06 (2.09), p = 0.61 | β: 2.19 (2.70), p = 0.42 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)† | 78 | 19.8 (3.8) | 54 | 19.3 (3.3) | β: 0.62 (0.63), p = 0.80 | β: 1.00 (0.85), p = 0.24 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| Haemoglobin (g/l)† | 77 | 130 (10.8) | 59 | 130 (12) | β: 0.27 (0.17), p = 0.12 | β: 0.07 (0.22), p = 0.74 |
| Ferritin (μg/l)† | 77 | 31.3 (19.6) | 59 | 27.5 (15.0) | β: 3.11 (3.17), p = 0.33 | β: 5.19 (4.01), p = 0.20 |
| Blood lead concentration (μg/dl)† | 77 | 13.5 (6.1) | 59 | 10.2 (5.0) | β: 3.00 (1.00), p = 0.003 | β: 3.46 (1.29), p = 0.008 |
| Blood lead concentration (μg/dl) | 71 | 53 | ||||
| <10 | 15 (21.1) | 28 (52.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||
| 10–14 | 34 (47.9) | 18 (34.0) | 3.39 (1.40 to 8.21) | 2.34 (0.74 to 7.36) | ||
| 15–19 | 13 (18.3) | 3 (5.7) | 7.16 (1.72 to 29.74) | 6.19 (0.75 to 51.15) | ||
| ⩾20 | 9 (12.7) | 4 (7.5) | 3.68 (0.95 to 14.31) | 10.08 (1.31 to 77.39) | ||