Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for haematopoietic malignancies by work history, procedures, practices, protective measures, and history of personal radiation treatment in US radiologic technologists of both sexes
| Variables | Non-CLL leukaemias*,† | Multiple myeloma† | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma† | Hodgkin’s lymphoma† | Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia† | All haematopoietic malignancies† | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 41‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 28‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 118‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 31‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 23‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | n = 241‡ | RR§ | 95% CI | |
| *Includes 4 ALL, 26 AML, 9 CML, 4 acute leukaemias not otherwise specified, 2 myeloid leukaemias not otherwise specified. | ||||||||||||||||||
| †Includes the following International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 2nd Revision (ICD-O-2) and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes: non-CLL (ICD-O-2 codes 9801, 9821, 9860, 9861, 986, 9864, 9867, or ICD-10 codes C91.0, 92.0, 92.1, 92.5, 92.7, 92.9, 95.0); MM (ICD-O-2 code 9732, or ICD-10 code C90.0); CLL (ICD-O-2 code 9823, or ICD-10 code C91.1); NHL (ICD-O-2 codes 9590, 9591, 9592, 9593, 9595, 9670,,9671,9672,9673, 9675, 9680, 9681, 9682, 9684, 9685, 9686, 9690, 9691, 9696, 9698, 9700, 9709, 9715, 9940, or ICD-10 codes C82.0, 82.1, 82.2, 82.7 82.9, 83.0, 83.1, 83.2, 83.3, 83.4, 83.5, 83.8, 83.9, 84.0, 84.5, 85.0, 85.7, 85.9, 91.4); HL (ICD-O-2 codes 9650, 9652, 9657, 9663, 9667, or ICD-10 codes C81.0, 81.1, 81.2, 81.9). | ||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Numbers of cases may not sum to the total shown due to some missing data for some subjects. | ||||||||||||||||||
| §RRs based on Cox proportional hazards regression with age as the timescale, stratified at baseline for birth cohort in fiveyear intervals and adjusted for gender. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ¶Trends based on continuous variables. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Year first worked as a radiologic technologist | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⩾1960 | 26 | 1.0 | – | 11 | 1.0 | – | 57 | 1.0 | – | 29 | 1.0 | – | 7 | 1.0 | – | 130 | 1.0 | – |
| 1950–59 | 4 | 0.2 | (0.1–0.6) | 5 | 0.3 | (0.1–1.1) | 35 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 1 | 0.2 | (0.0–3.0) | 9 | 1.3 | (0.3–4.5) | 54 | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0) |
| <1950 | 9 | 0.6 | (0.2–2.7) | 10 | 0.6 | (0.1–2.5) | 25 | 0.7 | (0.3–1.5) | 1 | 0.3 | (0.0–5.0) | 6 | 0.9 | (0.2–4.9) | 51 | 0.6 | (0.4–1.1) |
| No. years worked as radiologic technologist | ||||||||||||||||||
| <10 | 12 | 1.0 | – | 7 | 1.0 | – | 40 | 1.0 | – | 12 | 1.0 | – | 7 | 1.0 | – | 78 | 1.0 | – |
| 10–19 | 17 | 1.5 | (0.7–3.2) | 9 | 1.3 | (0.5–3.6) | 37 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 17 | 2.5 | (1.0–6.0) | 7 | 0.9 | (0.3–2.6) | 87 | 1.3 | (0.9–1.8) |
| ⩾20 | 10 | 1.1 | (0.4–2.8) | 10 | 0.8 | (0.4–2.0) | 40 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) | 2 | 1.1 | (0.2–7.1) | 8 | 0.7 | (0.2–2.1) | 70 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.5) |
| No. years worked before 1950¶ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 4 | 1.0 | – | 5 | 1.0 | – | 28 | 1.0 | – | 2 | 1.0 | – | 6 | 1.0 | – | 45 | 1.0 | – |
| >0–<5 | 2 | 1.2 | (0.2–8.6) | 4 | 1.2 | (0.3–5.3) | 13 | 0.7 | (0.3–1.5) | 1 | 1.0 | (0.0–20.3) | 2 | 0.5 | (0.1–2.7) | 22 | 0.8 | (0.4–1.4) |
| ⩾5 | 7 | 6.6 | (1.0–41.9) | 6 | 1.5 | (0.3–7.8) | 12 | 0.6 | (0.3–1.5) | 0 | 4 | 0.8 | (0.1–4.3) | 29 | 1.0 | (0.5–1.9) | ||
| p-trend = 0.07¶ | p-trend = 0.42¶ | p-trend = 0.36¶ | p-trend = 0.78¶ | p-trend = 0.42¶ | p-trend = 0.74¶ | |||||||||||||
| No. years worked during 1950–59 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 13 | 1.0 | – | 11 | 1.0 | – | 33 | 1.0 | – | 5 | 1.0 | – | 7 | 1.0 | – | 69 | 1.0 | – |
| >0–<5 | 5 | 0.4 | (0.1–1.3) | 2 | 0.1 | (0.0–0.6) | 22 | 0.7 | (0.4–1.2) | 1 | 0.4 | (0.0–5.6) | 6 | 1.0 | (0.3–3.4) | 36 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.8) |
| ⩾5 | 7 | 0.3 | (0.1–1.2) | 9 | 0.4 | (0.1–1.4) | 30 | 0.7 | (0.4–1.4) | 1 | 0.2 | (0.0–3.6) | 8 | 1.4 | (0.4–5.3) | 55 | 0.7 | (0.4–1.0) |
| No. years worked in 1960 or later | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 3 | 1.0 | – | 4 | 1.0 | – | 13 | 1.0 | – | 1 | 1.0 | – | 4 | 1.0 | – | 25 | 1.0 | – |
| >0–<5 | 3 | 1.1 | (0.2–7.3) | 1 | 0.4 | (0.0–3.7) | 11 | 0.6 | (0.2–1.4) | 1 | 0.1 | (0.0–1.9) | 3 | 0.7 | (0.1–3.4) | 19 | 0.5 | (0.3–1.0) |
| ⩾5 | 33 | 2.0 | (0.4–8.9) | 21 | 1.1 | (0.3–4.4) | 93 | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 29 | 0.4 | (0.0–5.6) | 15 | 0.5 | (0.1–1.7) | 191 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.4) |
| Age when began working as a radiologic technologist | ||||||||||||||||||
| ⩾20 years old | 26 | 1.0 | – | 16 | 1.0 | – | 80 | 1.0 | – | 14 | 1.0 | – | 16 | 1.0 | – | 152 | 1.0 | – |
| <20 years old | 13 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.9) | 10 | 1.9 | (0.8–4.6) | 37 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.5) | 17 | 1.8 | (0.9–3.8) | 6 | 0.9 | (0.3–2.5) | 83 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) |
| History of having others practice performing x ray examinations on self, ever v never | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 34 | 1.0 | – | 18 | 1.0 | – | 97 | 1.0 | – | 29 | 1.0 | – | 17 | 1.0 | – | 195 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 6 | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 6 | 1.4 | (0.5–3.6) | 19 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.5) | 2 | 0.7 | (0.2–3.1) | 5 | 1.2 | (0.4–3.5) | 38 | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) |
| No. of times held patients for x ray examination | ||||||||||||||||||
| <50 | 10 | 1.0 | – | 10 | 1.0 | – | 53 | 1.0 | – | 15 | 1.0 | – | 8 | 1.0 | – | 96 | 1.0 | – |
| ⩾50 | 29 | 2.6 | (1.3–5.4) | 16 | 1.4 | (0.6–3.1) | 64 | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) | 16 | 1.0 | (0.5–2.0) | 14 | 1.4 | (0.6–3.5) | 139 | 1.2 | (1.0–1.6) |
| Use of lead apron when first started working | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 37 | 1.0 | – | 21 | 1.0 | – | 109 | 1.0 | – | 30 | 1.0 | – | 18 | 1.0 | – | 215 | 1.0 | – |
| No | 4 | 1.3 | (0.4–3.7) | 4 | 1.6 | (0.5–4.7) | 9 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.8) | 0 | 4 | 2.1 | (0.7–6.6) | 21 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | ||
| Personal history of radiotherapy treatment | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 33 | 1.0 | – | 25 | 1.0 | – | 102 | 1.0 | – | 29 | 1.0 | – | 21 | 1.0 | – | 210 | 1.0 | – |
| Yes | 5 | 1.8 | (0.7–4.9) | 1 | 0.4 | (0.0–2.7) | 11 | 1.2 | (0.6–2.2) | 1 | 0.8 | (0.1–6.3) | 1 | 0.4 | (0.1–3.1) | 19 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) |