Table 4

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stomach and oesophageal cancer by ever-use of individual pesticides among adult farmers

	Controls	Stomach cancer			Oesophageal cancer
	Controls	Cases	OR*	95% CI	Cases	OR*	95% CI
Pesticides with more than five cases either stomach or oesophagus are shown.
*Odds ratio adjusted for age and gender.
†Reference category: non-farmers.
‡Nitrosatable pesticides.
§Nitrosatable pesticides with experimental evidence of carcinogenicity or were likely to be carcinogenic.
Non-farmers	184	59	1.0	Ref†	62	1.0	Ref†

Herbicides
2,4,5-T‡§	28	8	0.7	0.3 to 1.7	7	0.7	0.3 to 1.9
2,4-D‡§	89	27	0.8	0.4 to 1.3	20	0.7	0.4 to 1.2
Alachlor	40	7	0.5	0.2 to 1.3	12	0.8	0.4 to 1.7
Atrazine‡	55	18	0.9	0.5 to 1.6	15	0.7	0.4 to 1.4
Cyananzine‡	20	1	0.2	0.1 to 1.3	5	0.8	0.3 to 2.4
Dicamba‡	35	4	0.3	0.1 to 1.0	13	0.9	0.5 to 1.9
EPTC‡§	28	6	0.6	0.2 to 1.5	9	0.8	0.3 to 1.8
Glyphosate‡§	46	12	0.8	0.4 to 1.5	12	0.7	0.3 to 1.4
Propachlor‡	27	5	0.5	0.2 to 1.4	10	0.9	0.4 to 2.1
Trifluralin‡§	24	6	0.8	0.3 to 2.1	5	0.7	0.2 to 1.9

Insecticides
Aldrin	30	6	0.4	0.2 to 1.1	8	0.8	0.3 to 1.8
Carbaryl‡§	47	9	0.5	0.2 to 1.2	12	0.7	0.4 to 1.5
Carbofuran‡§	36	9	0.7	0.3 to 1.6	11	0.8	0.4 to 1.8
Chlordane	40	15	0.9	0.5 to 1.8	10	0.6	0.3 to 1.4
DDT	65	27	0.9	0.5 to 1.6	16	0.8	0.4 to 1.5
Diazinon	35	6	0.5	0.2 to 1.2	10	0.8	0.4 to 1.8
Dieldrin	23	6	0.6	0.2 to 1.5	5	0.5	0.2 to 1.5
Fonofos	26	5	0.5	0.2 to 1.4	7	0.8	0.3 to 1.9
Lindane	36	8	0.5	0.2 to 1.2	8	0.6	0.3 to 1.5
Malathion	46	14	0.8	0.4 to 1.6	12	0.7	0.4 to 1.5
Nicotine‡§	23	10	0.9	0.4 to 2.0	4	0.5	0.2 to 1.5
Phorate	26	6	0.6	0.2 to 1.7	10	1.1	0.5 to 2.6
Terbufos	29	5	0.6	0.2 to 1.6	6	0.6	0.2 to 1.5