Safety | Unprotected machinery | Hand trauma (cuts, lacerations, calluses) |
| Wet surfaces causing slips and falls | Sprains and fractures |
| Electrical cables on wet surfaces | Electrocution |
| Splashing of fish secretions (bile) | Corneal erosions |
Physical | Noise (cannery) | Noise induced hearing loss |
| Low temperatures (freezers) and wet environments | Hypothermia, frost-bite, Raynaud’s, asthma aggravation |
Chemical | Sensitisers (formalin, printing inks, glue) | Rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, dermatitis |
| Irritants (handcleaners, soaps, detergents) | Dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma |
| Toxic gasses in fish holding tanks (hydrogen sulphide) | Asphyxiation |
| Hypertonic saline aerosols (sea water) | Aggravation of asthma symptoms |
Biological | Spiny fish | Hand trauma (puncture wounds, lacerations) |
| Fish toxins | Toxic reactions (local/generalised) |
| Fish proteins (muscle, blood, enzymes) | Rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, dermatitis |
| Vegetable dust additives (garlic, spices) | Rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, dermatitis |
| Parasites (Anisakis) | Infection, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria |
| Microorganisms (Vibrio, hepatitis A) | Wound infection, sepsis |
| Bacterial toxins (endotoxin, histamine) | Organic dust toxic syndrome, mucous membrane irritation, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria |
| Mould in wet, damp, humid environments | Infection, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
Ergonomic | Repetitive work (cutting and trimming of fillets), forceful motions of upper limbs, constrained neck postures (sorting), prolonged standing (grading, sorting), loading bags and cans | Musculoskeletal cumulative trauma disorders (neck pain, shoulder girdle pain, elbow pain/epicondylitis, wrist pain/carpal tunnel syndrome, lower backache) |
Psychosocial | Excessive speed on workline, poor workplace organisation | Stress related symptoms (anxiety, insomnia, digestive problems), fatigue |